Kwambana-Adams, Brenda; Hanson, Blake; Worwui, Archibald; Agbla, Schadrac; Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; Ceesay, Fatima; Ebruke, Chinelo; Egere, Uzochukwu; Zhou, Yanjiao; Ndukum, Maze; +5 more... Sodergren, Erica; Barer, Michael; Adegbola, Richard; Weinstock, George; Antonio, Martin; (2017) Rapid replacement by non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes may mitigate the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacterial ecology. Scientific reports, 7 (1). 8127-. ISSN 2045-2322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08717-0
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Abstract
There is growing concern that interventions that alter microbial ecology can adversely affect health. We characterised the impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on pneumococcal carriage and the bacterial component of the nasopharyngeal microbiome during infancy. Newborns were recruited into three groups as follows: Group1 (n = 33) was the control group and comprised infants who received PCV7 after 6 months and came from unvaccinated communities. Group 2 (n = 30) came from unvaccinated communities and Group 3 (n = 39) came from vaccinated communities. Both group 2 and 3 received PCV7 at 2, 3 and 4 months. Culture and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing were performed on nasopharyngeal specimens collected at regular intervals from infants. Nasopharyngeal carriage of PCV7 serotypes in Group 1 was significantly higher than in Group 2 and 3 (p < 0.01). However, pneumococcal carriage remained comparable due to an expansion of non-vaccine serotypes in Groups 2 and 3. Determination of phylogenetic dis(similarities) showed that the bacterial community structures were comparable across groups. A mixed effects model showed no difference in community richness (p = 0.15) and Shannon α-diversity (p = 0.48) across the groups. Immediate replacement of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes with non-vaccine serotypes may mitigate the impact of PCV7 on nasopharyngeal bacterial community structure and ecology.
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