Kagujje, Mary; Somwe, Paul; Hatwiinda, Sisa; Bwalya, Joel; Zgambo, Tamala; Thornicroft, Moomba; Bozzani, Fiammetta Maria; Moonga, Clement; Muyoyeta, Monde; (2021) Cross-sectional assessment of tuberculosis and HIV prevalence in 13 correctional facilities in Zambia. BMJ Open, 11 (9). e052221-. ISSN 2044-6055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052221
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in 13 Zambian correctional facilities. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: 13 correctional facilities in seven of the 10 provinces in Zambia. PARTICIPANTS: All incarcerated individuals were eligible for TB and HIV screening and testing. Of the total study population of 9695 individuals, which represent 46.2% of total correctional population at the beginning of the study, 8267 and 8160 were screened for TB and HIV, respectively. INTERVENTIONS: TB and HIV screening and testing was done between July 2018 and February 2019. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: All forms of TB, bacteriologically confirmed TB, drug-resistant TB, HIV. RESULTS: Prevalence of all forms of TB and bacteriologically confirmed TB was 1599 (1340-1894) per 100 000 population and 1056 (847-1301) per 100 000 population, respectively. Among those with bacteriologically confirmed TB, 4.6% (1.3%-11.4%) had drug-resistant TB.There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of all forms of TB, bacteriologically confirmed TB and drug resistant TB between adults and juveniles: (p=0.82), (p=0.23), (p=0.68) respectively. Of the bacteriologically confirmed TB cases, 28.7% were asymptomatic. The prevalence of HIV was 14.3% (13.6%-15.1%). The prevalence of HIV among females was 1.8 times the prevalence of HIV among males (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Compared with the study in 2011 which screened inmates representing 30% of the country's inmate population, then the prevalence of all forms of TB and HIV in correctional facilities has reduced by about 75% and 37.6%, respectively. However, compared with the general population, the prevalence of all forms of TB and HIV was 3.5 and 1.3 times higher, respectively. TB/HIV programmes in correctional facilities need further strengthening to include aspects of juvenile-specific TB programming and gender responsive HIV programming.
Item Type | Article |
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Faculty and Department | Faculty of Public Health and Policy > Dept of Global Health and Development |
Research Centre | TB Centre |
PubMed ID | 34580101 |
Elements ID | 166532 |
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Filename: Kagujje_etal_2021_Cross-sectional-assessment-of-tuberculosis.pdf
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