Wong, Angel YS; Warren-Gash, Charlotte; Bhaskaran, Krishnan; Leyrat, Clémence; Banerjee, Amitava; Smeeth, Liam; Douglas, Ian J; (2024) Potential interactions between medications for rate control and direct oral anticoagulants: Population-based cohort and case-crossover study. Heart rhythm, 21 (12). pp. 2445-2454. ISSN 1547-5271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.06.033
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are commonly co-prescribed with amiodarone/diltiazem/verapamil, but whether there is a drug interaction between these drugs is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of clinical outcomes associated with concomitant use of DOACs and amiodarone/diltiazem/verapamil. METHODS: We identified DOAC users in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019. We used a cohort design to estimate hazard ratios for ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, other bleeding, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality, comparing DOACs + amiodarone/diltiazem/verapamil users and DOACs + beta-blocker users. A case-crossover design comparing odds of exposure to different drug initiation patterns for all outcomes in hazard window vs referent window within an individual also was conducted. RESULTS: Of 397,459 DOAC users, we included 9075 co-prescribed amiodarone, 9612 co-prescribed diltiazem, and 2907 co-prescribed verapamil. There was no difference in risk of any outcomes between DOACs + amiodarone/diltiazem/verapamil users vs DOACs + beta-blocker users in the cohort design. However, in the case-crossover design, we observed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.09 (99% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-3.18) for all-cause mortality associated with initiation of a DOAC while taking amiodarone, which was greater than that observed for DOAC monotherapy (OR 1.30; 99% CI 1.25-1.35). Similar findings were observed for cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality respectively with diltiazem. CONCLUSION: Our study showed no evidence of higher bleeding or cardiovascular risk associated with co-prescribed DOACs and amiodarone, diltiazem, or verapamil. Elevated risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were only observed during DOAC initiation when diltiazem/amiodarone were being taken.
Item Type | Article |
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Faculty and Department |
Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health > Dept of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health > Dept of Medical Statistics Academic Services & Administration > Directorate |
Research Centre | EHR Research Group |
PubMed ID | 38909715 |
Elements ID | 226265 |
Official URL | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.06.033 |
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