Items where Author is "Abbas, Kaja M"
Number of items: 74.
2025
Benefit-risk and cost-utility of rotavirus vaccination in Afghanistan: a modelling study informed by post-marketing surveillance data. (2025)
Anwari, P
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Vaccination strategies against wild poliomyelitis in polio-free settings: outbreak risk modelling study and cost-effectiveness analysis. (2025)
Auzenbergs, Megan; Abbas, Kaja; Peak, Corey M; Voorman, Arend; Jit, Mark; O'Reilly, Kathleen M
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Length of hospital stay and associated treatment costs for patients with susceptible and antibiotic-resistant<i>Salmonella</i>infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2025)
Kim, Chaelin; Frost, Isabel; Naylor, Nichola R; Au, Heidi; Kim, Yeonhee; Lee, Yubin; Bzymek, Anna; Majgier, Kamila; Moldoveanu, Ana Laura; Salman, Omar Mukhtar; Simiyu, Shillah; Youssef, Dina Mohamed; Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz; Abbas, Kaja
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Progress and challenges in Nipah vaccine development and licensure for epidemic preparedness and response. (2025)
Kim, Sol; Kang, Hyolim; Skrip, Laura; Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant; Islam, Ausraful; Jung, Sung-Mok; Vesga, Juan F; Endo, Akira; Edmunds, W John; Abbas, Kaja
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The global economic burden of antibiotic-resistant infections and the potential impact of bacterial vaccines: a modelling study. (2025)
Naylor, Nichola R; Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz; Kim, Chaelin; Ma, Yixuan; Frost, Isabel; Abbas, Kaja; Aguilar, Gisela; Fuller, Naomi; Robotham, Julie V; Jit, Mark
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Health impact and economic evaluation of the Expanded Program on Immunization in China from 1974 to 2024: a modelling study. (2025)
Wang, Chaofan; Lai, Xiaozhen; Abbas, Kaja; Pouwels, Koen B; Zhang, Haijun; Jit, Mark; Fang, Hai
2024
Equity impact of HPV vaccination on lifetime projections of cervical cancer burden among cohorts in 84 countries by global, regional, and income levels, 2010-22: a modelling study. (2024)
Abbas, Kaja; Yoo, Katelyn Jison; Prem, Kiesha; Jit, Mark
Programmatic considerations and evidence gaps for chikungunya vaccine introduction in countries at risk of chikungunya outbreaks: Stakeholder analysis. (2024)
Auzenbergs, Megan; Maure, Clara; Kang, Hyolim; Clark, Andrew; Brady, Oliver; Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant; Abbas, Kaja
Estimating the health effects of COVID-19-related immunisation disruptions in 112 countries during 2020-30: a modelling study. (2024)
Hartner, Anna-Maria; Li, Xiang; Echeverria-Londono, Susy; Roth, Jeremy; Abbas, Kaja; Auzenbergs, Megan; de Villiers, Margaret J; Ferrari, Matthew J; Fraser, Keith; Fu, Han; Hallett, Timothy; Hinsley, Wes; Jit, Mark; Karachaliou, Andromachi; Moore, Sean M; Nayagam, Shevanthi; Papadopoulos, Timos; Perkins, T Alex; Portnoy, Allison; Minh, Quan Tran; Vynnycky, Emilia; Winter, Amy K; Burrows, Holly; Chen, Cynthia; Clapham, Hannah E; Deshpande, Aniruddha; Hauryski, Sarah; Huber, John; Jean, Kevin; Kim, Chaelin; Kim, Jong-Hoon; Koh, Jemima; Lopman, Benjamin A; Pitzer, Virginia E; Tam, Yvonne; Lambach, Philipp; Sim, So Yoon; Woodruff, Kim; Ferguson, Neil M; Trotter, Caroline L; Gaythorpe, Katy AM
Chikungunya seroprevalence, force of infection, and prevalence of chronic disability after infection in endemic and epidemic settings: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study. (2024)
Kang, Hyolim; Auzenbergs, Megan; Clapham, Hannah; Maure, Clara; Kim, Jong-Hoon; Salje, Henrik; Taylor, Christopher G; Lim, Ahyoung; Clark, Andrew; Edmunds, W John; Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant; Brady, Oliver J; Abbas, Kaja
Chikungunya vaccine development, challenges, and pathway toward public health impact. (2024)
Maure, Clara; Khazhidinov, Kanat; Kang, Hyolim; Auzenbergs, Megan; Moyersoen, Pascaline; Abbas, Kaja; Santos, Gustavo Mendes Lima; Medina, Libia Milena Hernandez; Wartel, T Anh; Kim, Jerome H; Clemens, John; Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant
Research priorities to support typhoid conjugate vaccine decision-making in India: evidence assessment and stakeholder survey. (2024)
Mogasale, Vijayalaxmi V; Sinha, Anish; John, Jacob; Hasan Farooqui, Habib; Ray, Arindam; Chantler, Tracey; Mogasale, Vittal; Dhoubhadel, Bhim Gopal; Edmunds, W John; Clark, Andrew; Abbas, Kaja
Typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in India: A review of supportive evidence. (2024)
Mogasale, Vijayalaxmi V; Sinha, Anish; John, Jacob; Hasan Farooqui, Habib; Ray, Arindam; Chantler, Tracey; Mogasale, Vittal; Gopal Dhoubhadel, Bhim; John Edmunds, W; Clark, Andrew; Abbas, Kaja
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State transitions across the Strep A disease spectrum: scoping review and evidence gaps. (2024)
Parajulee, Prerana; Lee, Jung-Seok; Abbas, Kaja; Cannon, Jeffrey; Excler, Jean Louis; Kim, Jerome H; Mogasale, Vittal
Systematic review of social determinants of childhood immunisation in low- and middle-income countries and equity impact analysis of childhood vaccination coverage in Nigeria. (2024)
Williams, Sarah V; Akande, Tanimola; Abbas, Kaja
2023
Health effects of routine measles vaccination and supplementary immunisation activities in 14 high-burden countries: a Dynamic Measles Immunization Calculation Engine (DynaMICE) modelling study. (2023)
Auzenbergs, Megan; Fu, Han; Abbas, Kaja; Procter, Simon R; Cutts, Felicity T; Jit, Mark
Group A Streptococcus: Full Value of Vaccine Assessment (FVVA) Report. (2023)
Bloom, David; Cadarette, Daniel; Ferranna, Maddalena; Tortorice, Daniel; Excler, Jean-Louis; Mogasale, Vittal; Seok Lee, Jung; Kim, Sol; Abbas, Kaja; Wiley, Ryan; Mullin, Anne; Walkinshaw, Donald; Williams, Marni; Scarapicchia, Tanya; Wright, Meghan; Cannon, Jeffrey; Miller, KAte; Giannini, Fiona
The full health, economic, and social benefits of prospective Strep A vaccination. (2023)
Cadarette, Daniel; Ferranna, Maddalena; Cannon, Jeffrey W; Abbas, Kaja; Giannini, Fiona; Zucker, Leo; Bloom, David E
Vaccine value profile for Chikungunya. (2023)
Flandes, Ximena; Hansen, Clairissa A; Palani, Sunil; Abbas, Kaja; Bennett, Cate; Caro, William Perea; Hutubessy, Raymond; Khazhidinov, Kanat; Lambach, Philipp; Maure, Clara; Marshall, Caroline; Rojas, Diana P; Rosewell, Alexander; Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant; Tufet, Marta; Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Beasley, David WC; Bourne, Nigel; Barrett, Alan DT
Impact and cost-effectiveness of measles vaccination through microarray patches in 70 low-income and middle-income countries: mathematical modelling and early-stage economic evaluation. (2023)
Fu, Han; Abbas, Kaja; Malvolti, Stefano; Gregory, Christopher; Ko, Melissa; Amorij, Jean-Pierre; Jit, Mark
Modeling the potential health impact of prospective Strep A vaccines. (2023)
Giannini, Fiona; Cannon, Jeffrey W; Cadarette, Daniel; Bloom, David E; Moore, Hannah C; Carapetis, Jonathan; Abbas, Kaja
Associations of water, sanitation, and hygiene with typhoid fever in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2023)
Kim, Chaelin; Goucher, Gerard R; Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun; Lee, Woojoo; Abbas, Kaja; Kim, Jong-Hoon
Global and regional burden of attributable and associated bacterial antimicrobial resistance avertable by vaccination: modelling study. (2023)
Kim, Chaelin; Holm, Marianne; Frost, Isabel; Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz; Abbas, Kaja
The potential global cost-effectiveness of prospective Strep A vaccines and associated implementation efforts. (2023)
Lee, Jung-Seok; Mogasale, Vittal; Kim, Sol; Cannon, Jeffrey; Giannini, Fiona; Abbas, Kaja; Excler, Jean-Louis; Kim, Jerome H
Impact, cost-effectiveness, and budget implications of HPV vaccination in Kenya: A modelling study. (2023)
Mwenda, Valerian; Jalang'o, Rose; Miano, Christine; Bor, Joan-Paula; Nyangasi, Mary; Mecca, Lucy; Were, Vincent; Kariithi, Edward; Pecenka, Clint; Schuind, Anne; Abbas, Kaja; Clark, Andrew
Global impact and cost-effectiveness of one-dose versus two-dose human papillomavirus vaccination schedules: a comparative modelling analysis. (2023)
Prem, Kiesha; Choi, Yoon Hong; Bénard, Élodie; Burger, Emily A; Hadley, Liza; Laprise, Jean-François; Regan, Mary Caroline; Drolet, Mélanie; Sy, Stephen; Abbas, Kaja; Portnoy, Allison; Kim, Jane J; Brisson, Marc; Jit, Mark
2022
Vaccine equity in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022)
Ali, Huda Ahmed; Hartner, Anna-Maria; Echeverria-Londono, Susy; Roth, Jeremy; Li, Xiang; Abbas, Kaja; Portnoy, Allison; Vynnycky, Emilia; Woodruff, Kim; Ferguson, Neil M; Toor, Jaspreet; Gaythorpe, Katy Am
Exploring the subnational inequality and heterogeneity of the impact of routine measles immunisation in Africa. (2022)
Echeverria-Londono, Susy; Hartner, Anna-Maria; Li, Xiang; Roth, Jeremy; Portnoy, Allison; Sbarra, Alyssa N; Abbas, Kaja; Ferrari, Matthew; Fu, Han; Jit, Mark; Ferguson, Neil M; Gaythorpe, Katy AM
Public health and social measures to mitigate the health and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, Egypt, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Poland during 2020-2021: situational analysis. (2022)
Kitamura, Noriko; Abbas, Kaja; Nathwani, Dilip
Dosing interval strategies for two-dose COVID-19 vaccination in 13 middle-income countries of Europe: Health impact modelling and benefit-risk analysis. (2022)
Liu, Yang; Pearson, Carl AB; Sandmann, Frank G; Barnard, Rosanna C; Kim, Jong-Hoon; CMMID COVID-19 Working Group; Flasche, Stefan; Jit, Mark; Abbas, Kaja
Differential health impact of intervention programs for time-varying disease risk: a measles vaccination modeling study. (2022)
Portnoy, Allison; Hsieh, Yuli Lily; Abbas, Kaja; Klepac, Petra; Santos, Heather; Brenzel, Logan; Jit, Mark; Ferrari, Matthew
COVID-19 impact on routine immunisations for vaccine-preventable diseases: Projecting the effect of different routes to recovery. (2022)
Toor, Jaspreet; Li, Xiang; Jit, Mark; Trotter, Caroline L; Echeverria-Londono, Susy; Hartner, Anna-Maria; Roth, Jeremy; Portnoy, Allison; Abbas, Kaja; Ferguson, Neil M; Am Gaythorpe, Katy
2021
Disruptions to childhood immunisation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. (2021)
Abbas, Kaja; Mogasale, Vittal
COVID-19's lost generation of unvaccinated children - Authors' reply. (2021)
Abbas, Kaja; Procter, Simon R; Clark, Andrew; Flasche, Stefan
Inequities in childhood immunisation coverage associated with socioeconomic, geographic, maternal, child, and place of birth characteristics in Kenya. (2021)
Allan, Simon; Adetifa, Ifedayo MO; Abbas, Kaja
How can the public health impact of vaccination be estimated? (2021)
Echeverria-Londono, Susy; Li, Xiang; Toor, Jaspreet; de Villiers, Margaret J; Nayagam, Shevanthi; Hallett, Timothy B; Abbas, Kaja; Jit, Mark; Klepac, Petra; Jean, Kévin; Garske, Tini; Ferguson, Neil M; Gaythorpe, Katy AM
Effect of evidence updates on key determinants of measles vaccination impact: a DynaMICE modelling study in ten high-burden countries. (2021)
Fu, Han; Abbas, Kaja; Klepac, Petra; van Zandvoort, Kevin; Tanvir, Hira; Portnoy, Allison; Jit, Mark
Impact of COVID-19-related disruptions to measles, meningococcal A, and yellow fever vaccination in 10 countries. (2021)
Gaythorpe, Katy Am; Abbas, Kaja; Huber, John; Karachaliou, Andromachi; Thakkar, Niket; Woodruff, Kim; Li, Xiang; Echeverria-Londono, Susy; VIMC Working Group on COVID-19 Impact on Vaccine Preventable Dis; Ferrari, Matthew; Jackson, Michael L; McCarthy, Kevin; Perkins, T Alex; Trotter, Caroline; Jit, Mark
Impact evaluation of immunisation service integration to nutrition programmes and paediatric outpatient departments of primary healthcare centres in Rumbek East and Rumbek Centre counties of South Sudan. (2021)
Idris, Israel Oluwaseyidayo; Obwoya, Justin Geno; Tapkigen, Janet; Lamidi, Serifu Ayobami; Ochagu, Victor A; Abbas, Kaja
Estimating the health impact of vaccination against ten pathogens in 98 low-income and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2030: a modelling study. (2021)
Li, Xiang; Mukandavire, Christinah; Cucunubá, Zulma M; Echeverria Londono, Susy; Abbas, Kaja; Clapham, Hannah E; Jit, Mark; Johnson, Hope L; Papadopoulos, Timos; Vynnycky, Emilia; Brisson, Marc; Carter, Emily D; Clark, Andrew; de Villiers, Margaret J; Eilertson, Kirsten; Ferrari, Matthew J; Gamkrelidze, Ivane; Gaythorpe, Katy AM; Grassly, Nicholas C; Hallett, Timothy B; Hinsley, Wes; Jackson, Michael L; Jean, Kévin; Karachaliou, Andromachi; Klepac, Petra; Lessler, Justin; Li, Xi; Moore, Sean M; Nayagam, Shevanthi; Nguyen, Duy Manh; Razavi, Homie; Razavi-Shearer, Devin; Resch, Stephen; Sanderson, Colin; Sweet, Steven; Sy, Stephen; Tam, Yvonne; Tanvir, Hira; Tran, Quan Minh; Trotter, Caroline L; Truelove, Shaun; van Zandvoort, Kevin; Verguet, Stéphane; Walker, Neff; Winter, Amy; Woodruff, Kim; Ferguson, Neil M; Garske, Tini; Vaccine Impact Modelling Consortium
Childhood immunisation timeliness and vaccine confidence by health information source, maternal, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics in Albania. (2021)
Mayerová, Daniela; Abbas, Kaja
The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. (2021)
Mburu, CN; Ojal, J; Chebet, R; Akech, D; Karia, B; Tuju, J; Sigilai, A; Abbas, K; Jit, M; Funk, S; Smits, G; van Gageldonk, PGM; van der Klis, FRM; Tabu, C; Nokes, DJ; LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group; Scott, Jag; Flasche, S; Adetifa, Imo
Projections of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination impact in Ethiopia, India, Nigeria and Pakistan: a comparative modelling study. (2021)
Portnoy, Allison; Abbas, Kaja; Sweet, Steven; Kim, Jane J; Jit, Mark
SARS-CoV-2 infection risk during delivery of childhood vaccination campaigns: a modelling study. (2021)
Procter, Simon R; Abbas, Kaja; Flasche, Stefan; Griffiths, Ulla; Hagedorn, Brittany; O'Reilly, Kathleen M; CMMID COVID-19 Working Group; Jit, Mark
Lives saved with vaccination for 10 pathogens across 112 countries in a pre-COVID-19 world. (2021)
Toor, Jaspreet; Echeverria-Londono, Susy; Li, Xiang; Abbas, Kaja; Carter, Emily D; Clapham, Hannah E; Clark, Andrew; de Villiers, Margaret J; Eilertson, Kirsten; Ferrari, Matthew; Gamkrelidze, Ivane; Hallett, Timothy B; Hinsley, Wes R; Hogan, Daniel; Huber, John H; Jackson, Michael L; Jean, Kevin; Jit, Mark; Karachaliou, Andromachi; Klepac, Petra; Kraay, Alicia; Lessler, Justin; Li, Xi; Lopman, Benjamin A; Mengistu, Tewodaj; Metcalf, C Jessica E; Moore, Sean M; Nayagam, Shevanthi; Papadopoulos, Timos; Perkins, T Alex; Portnoy, Allison; Razavi, Homie; Razavi-Shearer, Devin; Resch, Stephen; Sanderson, Colin; Sweet, Steven; Tam, Yvonne; Tanvir, Hira; Tran Minh, Quan; Trotter, Caroline L; Truelove, Shaun A; Vynnycky, Emilia; Walker, Neff; Winter, Amy; Woodruff, Kim; Ferguson, Neil M; Gaythorpe, Katy Am
2020
Effects of updated demography, disability weights, and cervical cancer burden on estimates of human papillomavirus vaccination impact at the global, regional, and national levels: a PRIME modelling study. (2020)
Abbas, Kaja M; van Zandvoort, Kevin; Brisson, Marc; Jit, Mark
Routine childhood immunisation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a benefit-risk analysis of health benefits versus excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2020)
Abbas, Kaja; Procter, Simon R; van Zandvoort, Kevin; Clark, Andrew; Funk, Sebastian; Mengistu, Tewodaj; Hogan, Dan; Dansereau, Emily; Jit, Mark; Flasche, Stefan; LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group
Childhood vaccination coverage and equity impact in Ethiopia by socioeconomic, geographic, maternal, and child characteristics. (2020)
Geweniger, Anne; Abbas, Kaja M
Assessing the value of human papillomavirus vaccination in Gavi-eligible low-income and middle-income countries. (2020)
Ochalek, Jessica; Abbas, Kaja; Claxton, Karl; Jit, Mark; Lomas, James
Environmental factors affecting ecological niche of Coccidioides species and spatial dynamics of valley fever in the United States. (2019)
Weaver, Elizabeth; Kolivras, Korine N; Thomas, R Quinn; Thomas, Valarie A; Abbas, Kaja M
2019
Serostatus testing and dengue vaccine cost-benefit thresholds. (2019)
Pearson, Carl AB; Abbas, Kaja M; Clifford, Samuel; Flasche, Stefan; Hladish, Thomas J
Impact of demographic disparities in social distancing and vaccination on influenza epidemics in urban and rural regions of the United States. (2019)
Singh, Meghendra; Sarkhel, Prasenjit; Kang, Gloria J; Marathe, Achla; Boyle, Kevin; Murray-Tuite, Pamela; Abbas, Kaja M; Swarup, Samarth
2018
Demographics, perceptions, and socioeconomic factors affecting influenza vaccination among adults in the United States. (2018)
Abbas, Kaja M; Kang, Gloria J; Chen, Daniel; Werre, Stephen R; Marathe, Achla
An intelligent decision support system to prevent and control of dengue. (2018)
Lopez, Daphne; Manogaran, Gunasekaran; Varatharajan, R; Abbas, Kaja M
2017
Role of bacille Calmette-Guérin in preventing tuberculous infection. (2017)
Adinarayanan, S; Culp, RK; Subramani, R; Abbas, KM; Radhakrishna, S; Swaminathan, S
Epidemiological and economic impact of pandemic influenza in Chicago: Priorities for vaccine interventions. (2017)
Dorratoltaj, Nargesalsadat; Marathe, Achla; Lewis, Bryan L; Swarup, Samarth; Eubank, Stephen G; Abbas, Kaja M
Multi-scale immunoepidemiological modeling of within-host and between-host HIV dynamics: systematic review of mathematical models. (2017)
Dorratoltaj, Nargesalsadat; Nikin-Beers, Ryan; Ciupe, Stanca M; Eubank, Stephen G; Abbas, Kaja M
Epidemiological Effectiveness and Cost of a Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Response in New River Valley, Virginia: Local Health Department and Clinical Perspectives. (2017)
Dorratoltaj, Nargesalsadat; O'Dell, Margaret L; Bordwine, Paige; Kerkering, Thomas M; Redican, Kerry J; Abbas, Kaja M
Facilitators and barriers of parental attitudes and beliefs toward school-located influenza vaccination in the United States: Systematic review. (2017)
Kang, Gloria J; Culp, Rachel K; Abbas, Kaja M
Semantic network analysis of vaccine sentiment in online social media. (2017)
Kang, Gloria J; Ewing-Nelson, Sinclair R; Mackey, Lauren; Schlitt, James T; Marathe, Achla; Abbas, Kaja M; Swarup, Samarth
Big Data Analytics in Healthcare Internet of Things. (2017)
Manogaran, Gunasekaran; Lopez, Daphne; Thota, Chandu; Abbas, Kaja M; Pyne, Saumyadipta; Sundarasekar, Revathi
Big Data Knowledge System in Healthcare. (2017)
Manogaran, Gunasekaran; Thota, Chandu; Lopez, Daphne; Vijayakumar, V; Abbas, Kaja M; Sundarsekar, Revathi
2015
Clinical Response, Outbreak Investigation, and Epidemiology of the Fungal Meningitis Epidemic in the United States: Systematic Review. (2015)
Abbas, Kaja M; Dorratoltaj, Nargesalsadat; O'Dell, Margaret L; Bordwine, Paige; Kerkering, Thomas M; Redican, Kerry J
Economic Evaluation of Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Response in New River Valley: Local Health Department Perspective. (2015)
Abbas, Kaja M; Dorratoltaj, Nargesalsadat; O'Dell, Margaret L; Bordwine, Paige; Kerkering, Thomas M; Redican, Kerry J
Making a Difference in Malawi and Zambia Through Health Education and Public Health Best Practices. (2015)
Redican, Kerry J; Abbas, Kaja; Elvinger, Francois; Hosig, Kathy; Marmagas, Susan; Chitsulo, Phindile; Kelly, Patricia; Burton, John; Tlou, Josiah; Carter-Tod, Sheila
2014
Editorial Comment: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Prioritization of Limited Public Health Resources - Tuberculosis Interventions in Texas. (2014)
Abbas, Kaja M
Epidemiological Modeling of Bovine Brucellosis in India. (2014)
Kang, Gloria J; Gunaseelan, L; Abbas, Kaja M
Spatial Big Data Analytics of Influenza Epidemic in Vellore, India. (2014)
Lopez, Daphne; Gunasekaran, M; Murugan, B Senthil; Kaur, Harpreet; Abbas, Kaja M
2012
Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change. (2012)
Swanson, R Chad; Cattaneo, Adriano; Bradley, Elizabeth; Chunharas, Somsak; Atun, Rifat; Abbas, Kaja M; Katsaliaki, Korina; Mustafee, Navonil; Mason Meier, Benjamin; Best, Allan
2005
Computational epidemiology: Bayesian disease surveillance. (2005)
ABBAS, KAJA; MIKLER, ARMIN R; RAMEZANI, AMIR; MENEZES, SHEENA
Temporal analysis of infectious diseases: influenza. (2005)
Abbas, Kaja; Mikler, Armin R; Gatti, Robert
MODELING INFECTIOUS DISEASES USING GLOBAL STOCHASTIC CELLULAR AUTOMATA. (2005)
MIKLER, ARMIN R; VENKATACHALAM, SANGEETA; ABBAS, KAJA
