Acknowledgements: This publication was produced by the IDEAS project led by Dr Joanna Schellenberg at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). The IDEAS team wishes to acknowledge the work of Sambodhi Research and Communications Pvt. Ltd who implemented this baseline survey, and the cooperation of the grantees in Uttar Pradesh throughout the development and implementation process. We are grateful to the State officials in Lucknow who provided support to the survey implementation, and to all households, facilities and individuals surveyed. We also thank Dr Chris Grundy (LSHTM) for assistance in manipulating GIS information, and Professor Oona Campbell (LSHTM) for review of an early draft. Coordination of publication by Agnes Becker ISBN – 978 0 902657 94 1