AIM: The aim of this study was to ascertain the levels and mechanisms of funding public health in Europe. METHODS: A review of published and unpublished documents and expenditure data was undertaken. RESULTS: Expenditure on public health in Europe is difficult to determine, but data from national health accounts suggest that it differs greatly across countries, both as a percentage of total health expenditure and per capita. Better data are urgently needed, given that a lack of sustainable, long-term funding may be the most significant barrier to public health programmes and interventions in Europe. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the current economic crisis, it will be essential to safeguard financing for public health and to put it on a more sustainable basis.