Extreme climate events, such as flooding in Rio Grande do Sul: the potential contribution of primary health care to building climate-resilient communities

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves, floods, and droughts around the world. The recent flooding in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in April-May 2024 broke all previous records and had profound implications for the health and well-being of the population. Flooding can lead to an increase in deaths, infectious diseases, and injuries; it can also disrupt health care delivery and worsen noncommunicable diseases, including contributing to a rise in mental health conditions. In this article, we outline how primary health care (PHC) can reduce the health risks associated with flooding through its role in prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. We discuss the key role of PHC in addressing the health impacts of climate change and present interventions that can help protect population health. We also emphasize the need to recognize the PHC workforce as a key actor in responding to the climate emergency.