Early-life gut microbiome associates with positive vaccine take and shedding in neonatal schedule of the human neonatal rotavirus vaccine RV3-BB
Abstract
Rotavirus vaccines are less effective in high mortality regions. A rotavirus vaccine administered at birth may overcome challenges to vaccine uptake posed by a complex gut microbiome. We investigated the association between the microbiome and vaccine responses following RV3-BB vaccine (G3P[6]) administered in a neonatal schedule (dose 1: 0-5 days), or infant schedule (dose 1: 6-8 weeks) in Indonesia (Phase 2b efficacy study) (n = 478 samples/193 infants) (ACTRN12612001282875) and in Malawi (Immunigenicity study) (n = 355 samples/186 infants) (NCT03483116). Vaccine responses assessed using anti-rotavirus IgA seroconversion (IgA), stool shedding of vaccine virus and vaccine take (IgA seroconversion and/or shedding). Here we report, high alpha diversity, beta diversity differences and high abundance of Bacteroides is associated with positive vaccine take and shedding following RV3-BB administered in the neonatal schedule, but not with IgA seroconversion, or in the infant schedule. Higher alpha diversity was associated with shedding after three doses of RV3-BB in the neonatal schedule compared to non-shedders, or the placebo group. High abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus is associated with no shedding in the neonatal schedule group. RV3-BB vaccine administered in a neonatal schedule modulates the early microbiome environment and presents a window of opportunity to optimise protection from rotavirus disease.
Item Type | Article |
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Elements ID | 239622 |
Official URL | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58632-6 |
Date Deposited | 29 Jul 2025 10:40 |
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- Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health (Gates Institute)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)