Translating Formative Research into Intervention Content: Experiences with Face Washing for Trachoma Control in Rural Ethiopia.

Claire Collin ORCID logo ; Adam Biran ORCID logo ; Alexandra Czerniewska ; Demitu Legesse ; Meseret Guye ; Asanti Ahmed Mume ; Edao Sinba Etu ORCID logo ; Aida Abashawl ORCID logo ; Wondu Alemayehu ; Sarity Dodson ; +6 more... Oumer Shafi Abdurahman ORCID logo ; Esmael Habtamu ; Dereje Adugna ; Matthew J Burton ORCID logo ; Anna Last ORCID logo ; Katie Greenland ORCID logo ; (2025) Translating Formative Research into Intervention Content: Experiences with Face Washing for Trachoma Control in Rural Ethiopia. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15 (3). p. 355. ISSN 2076-328X DOI: 10.3390/bs15030355
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Face washing for trachoma, like most public health improvements, necessitates behaviour change, yet traditional educational interventions frequently fail to achieve this goal. Behavioural science frameworks offer guidance to develop alternative types of interventions, helping to translate formative research and insights about the target population and behavioural determinants into more effective strategies. This paper outlines the outputs and decision-making underlying the five-stage process we followed to translate formative research findings into intervention activities and materials: (1) synthesising formative research findings into a creative brief to guide intervention development; (2) selecting behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to address key behavioural targets; (3) selecting an overarching intervention concept; (4) developing intervention content; and (5) finalising the intervention's Theory of Change. This paper presents our experiences and reflections on the intervention design process, using a practical example of a face washing intervention for trachoma control. The intervention was designed for delivery in the Stronger SAFE trial in rural Oromia, Ethiopia (ISCRTN 40760473).


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