Despite free and universal access to healthcare in Spain, cervical cancer (CC) screening disparities persist. Moroccan women rank among the immigrant groups with lowest rates of CC screening uptake in Spain and there is strong evidence in other European countries that Pakistani women are also an under-screened immigrant group. Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling has been proposed as a promising strategy to increase screening uptake amongst not-screened or under-screened women. Although studies indicate that women are generally receptive to this self-collection method, results may not be generalizable to all ethnic groups and settings. My PhD research, therefore, seeks to better understand barriers and facilitators to CC screening and, specifically, to assess HPV self-sampling acceptability among these two immigrant groups. Using a qualitative-driven mixed-methods approach, this study combined focus groups and interviews with immigrant women and healthcare providers to explore individual, interpersonal and health system barriers and facilitators to CC screening. Second, an egocentric social network analysis of 22 participants was undertaken to examine the role of women’s social networks on their CC screening behaviours. And finally, all participants (N=73) were invited to use two HPV self-sampling devices and complete socio-demographic and acceptability questionnaires. Thematic content analysis and descriptive statistics were performed. Acknowledging the differences between Moroccan and Pakistani communities (i.e. with regard to culture and migration history), this research identifies common barriers and facilitators to CC screening among both groups of women in Catalonia, Spain. At individual level, cultural and religious beliefs seemed to influence their self-care and preventive health behaviours; inadequate information about CC and HPV screening, and low risk perception towards HPV infection also undermined women’s participation in screening, and language limitations were another significant barrier. At the interpersonal level, by analysing women’s social networks, my study demonstrates the positive role played by the verbal cultures of these two communities and immigrant peer relationships in changing normative beliefs and attitudes regarding CC prevention; male partners also appeared to play conflicting roles as health promoters and as barriers to CC screening. At a health system level, the research describes the communication challenges between immigrant patients and healthcare providers and urges an action plan to improve cultural competence throughout the Catalan health system. Finally, while HPV self-sampling acceptability rates differed between Moroccan and Pakistani women, both expressed their preference for clinician-based screening, and showed low self efficacy to perform the self-sampling correctly. The overall findings of this thesis have significant implications for how CC screening disparities are understood and addressed in communities with different cultural backgrounds. This research reinforces the importance of culture in health behaviours and propose leveraging social network approaches to design more effective interventions. In this specific case, peer-based participatory interventions with linguistically and culturally sensitive educational materials seem to be the most suitable approach to foster confidence among these two communities, and increase their participation in CC screening.