Globally, there are more than one billion people with disabilities. They often have increased health needs due to underlying impairments and secondary conditions, as well as societal exclusion. Thus, they more frequently require general healthcare and, in some cases, specialist services. Yet, people with disabilities often experience worse access to healthcare due to system level failures and consequent barriers encountered along the health journey that restrict their right to health. This thesis aimed to assess the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the health system of Chile. I undertook a systematic review of healthcare access in Latin America and the Caribbean and found some evidence that people with disabilities have higher use of health services and may experience health inequities, calling for further evidence on coverage, affordability, and quality of care. Then, I analysed the Chilean National Socioeconomic Survey (n = 192,666) to address that data gap in Chile. The study showed that people with disabilities experience health inequities, particularly in terms of worse health status, lower coverage of health services, and increased barriers in accessing healthcare. Moreover, I performed a comprehensive health policy analysis by examining Chilean health policies and interviewing key informants. The study revealed considerable failures at system level, concluding that improvements are needed both in the formulation and implementation of health policies with disability inclusion in Chile. Finally, I conducted a health system assessment by collecting mixed methods data to complete a structured indicator framework in collaboration with the Ministry of Health of Chile and civil society organizations. The study found that overall progress towards disability inclusion was low. Therefore, it was recommended to formulate a national policy on disability-inclusive health, to strengthen the leadership of people with disabilities, and to train health workers on disability. Collectively, these findings provided robust evidence on the lack of inclusion and participation of people with disabilities in the health system of Chile and the subsequent health inequities experienced. Prioritizing and mainstreaming disability in society, with meaningful participation of people with disabilities, will help building a disability-inclusive health system and achieving universal healthcare that leaves no one behind.