Access to longitudinal mental health data in Africa: Lessons from a landscape analysis by the INSPIRE network datahub [version 2; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]

Background: Data from longitudinal mental health research in Africa is critical to understanding the complexities of mental health disorders in the continent’s diverse contexts. To be useful, data need to adhere to the FAIR principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability.

Methods: A literature search from 1970 to 2022 identified longitudinal studies on depression, anxiety, and psychosis in was done. Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing techniques, the search found data from more studies. The search engaged stakeholders in understanding data sharing practices and barriers and categorizing methods and challenges for sharing data.

Results: The initial search yielded 18,019 articles, of which 284 were eligible for review, and 226 passed quality assessments. A significant effort to access data directly from researchers yielded positive responses for 100 articles with available data statements, from which datasets were requested through online repositories and direct correspondence. Analysis revealed significant disparities in the distribution of mental health research across countries, with a concentration of studies in specific areas and on certain conditions. The study also highlighted a varied adherence to FAIR principles, with only 16 datasets adhering to data-sharing practices.

Conclusions: Despite the challenges encountered in data accessibility and the manual adjustments required, the study’s findings irradiate the path toward a more equitable and effective mental health research ecosystem on the continent. By fostering collaboration and embracing advanced methodologies and technologies, this study advocates for a concerted effort to improve the accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of mental health data. Ultimately, the project aims to contribute to understanding data-sharing dynamics in Africa, paving the way for informed interventions and policies.