Long COVID-19 syndrome associated with Omicron XBB.1.5 infection: a case report.

Otávio Espíndola ; Paola C Resende ; Lusiele Guaraldo ; Guilherme Amaral Calvet ; Trevon L Fuller ; Stephanie Lema Suarez Penetra ; Heloisa Ferreira Pinto Santos ; Anielle Pina-Costa ; Michele Fernanda Borges da Silva ; Isabella Campos Vargas Moraes ; +6 more... Fernando Medeiros ; Jimmy Whitworth ORCID logo ; Christopher Smith ORCID logo ; Karin Nielsen-Saines ; Marilda M Siqueira ; Patrícia Brasil ORCID logo ; (2023) Long COVID-19 syndrome associated with Omicron XBB.1.5 infection: a case report. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 118. e230069-. ISSN 0074-0276 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230069
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BACKGROUND: There is interest in lingering non-specific symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, referred to as Long coronavirus disease 2019 (Long COVID-19). It remains unknown whether the risk of Long COVID-19 is associated with pre-existing comorbidities or initial COVID-19 severity, including infections due to new Omicron lineages which predominated in 2023. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this case report was to characterize the clinical features of acute XBB.1.5 infection followed by Long COVID-19. METHODS: We followed a 73-year old female resident of Rio de Janeiro with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 during acute infection and subsequent months. The SARS-CoV-2 lineage was determined by genome sequencing. FINDINGS: The participant denied comorbidities and had completed a two-dose vaccination schedule followed by two booster doses eight months prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Primary infection by viral lineage XBB.1.5. was clinically mild, but the participant subsequently reported persistent fatigue. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that Long COVID-19 may develop even after mild disease due to SARS-CoV-2 in fully vaccinated and boosted individuals without comorbidities. Continued monitoring of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages and associated clinical outcomes is warranted. Measures to prevent infection should continue to be implemented including development of new vaccines and antivirals effective against novel variants.


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