Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria.

Olawoye, Idowu BORCID logo; Oluniyi, Paul EORCID logo; Oguzie, Judith UORCID logo; Uwanibe, Jessica N; Kayode, Tolulope AORCID logo; Olumade, Testimony JORCID logo; Ajogbasile, Fehintola V; Parker, EdythORCID logo; Eromon, Philomena E; Abechi, Priscilla; +129 more...Sobajo, Tope A; Ugwu, Chinedu AORCID logo; George, Uwem EORCID logo; Ayoade, FemiORCID logo; Akano, Kazeem; Oyejide, Nicholas E; Nosamiefan, Iguosadolo; Fred-Akintunwa, Iyanuoluwa; Adedotun-Sulaiman, Kemi; Brimmo, Farida B; Adegboyega, Babatunde B; Philip, Courage; Adeleke, Richard AORCID logo; Chukwu, Grace C; Ahmed, Muhammad IORCID logo; Ope-Ewe, Oludayo O; Otitoola, Shobi G; Ogunsanya, Olusola A; Saibu, Mudasiru F; Sijuwola, Ayotunde E; Ezekiel, Grace O; John, Oluwagboadurami G; Akin-John, Julie O; Akinlo, Oluwasemilogo O; Fayemi, Olanrewaju O; Ipaye, Testimony O; Nwodo, Deborah C; Omoniyi, Abolade E; Omwanghe, Iyobosa B; Terkuma, Christabel A; Okolie, Johnson; Ayo-Ale, Olubukola; Ikponmwosa, Odia; Benevolence, Ebo; Naregose, Grace O; Patience, Akhilomen E; Blessing, Osiemi; Micheal, Airende; Jacqueline, Agbukor; Aiyepada, John O; Ebhodaghe, Paulson; Racheal, Omiunu; Rita, Esumeh; Rosemary, Giwa E; Solomon, Ehikhametalor; Anieno, Ekanem; Edna, Yerumoh; Chris, Aire O; Donatus, Adomeh I; Ogbaini-Emovon, Ephraim; Tatfeng, Mirabeau Y; Omunakwe, Hannah EORCID logo; Bob-Manuel, Mienye; Ahmed, Rahaman AORCID logo; Onwuamah, Chika KORCID logo; Shaibu, Joseph O; Okwuraiwe, AzukaORCID logo; Ataga, Anthony E; Bock-Oruma, Andrew; Daramola, Funmi; Yusuf, Ibrahim F; Fajola, Akinwumi; Ntia, Nsikak-Abasi; Ekpo, Julie J; Moses, Anietie EORCID logo; Moore-Igwe, Beatrice W; Fakayode, Oluwatosin E; Akinola, Monilade; Kida, Ibrahim M; Oderinde, Bamidele SORCID logo; Wudiri, Zara W; Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi OORCID logo; Akanbi, Olusola AORCID logo; Ahumibe, Anthony; Akinpelu, AfolabiORCID logo; Ayansola, Oyeronke; Babatunde, Olajumoke; Omoare, Adesuyi AORCID logo; Chukwu, ChimaobiORCID logo; Mba, Nwando G; Omoruyi, Ewean C; Olisa, Olasunkanmi; Akande, Olatunji KORCID logo; Nwafor, Ifeanyi E; Ekeh, Matthew A; Ndoma, Erim; Ewah, Richard L; Duruihuoma, Rosemary O; Abu, Augustine; Odeh, Elizabeth; Onyia, Venatius; Ojide, Chiedozie K; Okoro, Sylvanus; Igwe, Daniel; Ogah, Emeka O; Khan, Kamran; Ajayi, Nnennaya AORCID logo; Ugwu, Collins N; Ukwaja, Kingsley N; Ugwu, Ngozi I; Abejegah, Chukwuyem; Adedosu, Nelson; Ayodeji, Olufemi; Liasu, Ahmed A; Isamotu, Rafiu O; Gadzama, Galadima; Petros, Brittany AORCID logo; Siddle, Katherine JORCID logo; Schaffner, Stephen FORCID logo; Akpede, George; Erameh, Cyril Oshomah; Baba, Marycelin MORCID logo; Oladiji, FemiORCID logo; Audu, RosemaryORCID logo; Ndodo, Nnaemeka; Fowotade, Adeola; Okogbenin, Sylvanus; Okokhere, Peter O; Park, Danny JORCID logo; Mcannis, Bronwyn LORCID logo; Adetifa, Ifedayo MORCID logo; Ihekweazu, Chikwe; Salako, Babatunde L; Tomori, OyewaleORCID logo; Happi, Anise N; Folarin, Onikepe AORCID logo; Andersen, Kristian GORCID logo; Sabeti, Pardis CORCID logo; and Happi, Christian TORCID logo (2023) Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria. Nature communications, 14 (1). 811-. ISSN 2041-1723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36449-5
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Identifying the dissemination patterns and impacts of a virus of economic or health importance during a pandemic is crucial, as it informs the public on policies for containment in order to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we integrated genomic and travel data to investigate the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.318 and B.1.525 (Eta) variants of interest in Nigeria and the wider Africa region. By integrating travel data and phylogeographic reconstructions, we find that these two variants that arose during the second wave in Nigeria emerged from within Africa, with the B.1.525 from Nigeria, and then spread to other parts of the world. Data from this study show how regional connectivity of Nigeria drove the spread of these variants of interest to surrounding countries and those connected by air-traffic. Our findings demonstrate the power of genomic analysis when combined with mobility and epidemiological data to identify the drivers of transmission, as bidirectional transmission within and between African nations are grossly underestimated as seen in our import risk index estimates.


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