Prevalence of Trachoma in Four Evaluation Units in Yemen after Implementation of Trachoma Elimination Measures.

Al-Khateeb, T; Al-Haidari, S; Butcher, RORCID logo; Rajamani, A; Mahdy, MAK; Jimenez, C; Dejene, M; Boyd, S; Bakhtiari, A; Solomon, AW; +3 more...Thabit, A; Harding-Esch, EMORCID logo; Al-Shami, R and (2023) Prevalence of Trachoma in Four Evaluation Units in Yemen after Implementation of Trachoma Elimination Measures. Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 31 (6). pp. 509-517. ISSN 0928-6586 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2180805
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BACKGROUND: In baseline trachoma prevalence surveys, six districts in two governorates of Yemen were identified as requiring interventions. We set out to estimate the prevalence of trachoma 6-12 months after one round of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) and implementation of measures to encourage facial cleanliness. METHODS: A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each of the four evaluation units in October 2019. Contemporary World Health Organization recommendations for trachoma surveys were followed. Participants were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling process. The prevalence of inflammatory and late-stage trachoma was measured through eye examination. Water, sanitation, and hygiene facility access among visited households was estimated. RESULTS: The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-,follicular (TF) in 1-9-year-olds per EU was <5.0% in three EUs (Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah, and As Salif; Az Zaydiyah; and Mudhaykhirah districts) and 5.0-9.9% in one EU (Far Al Udayn District). The prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds per EU was <0.2% in all four EUs. Per EU, the proportion of households with an improved drinking water source ranged from 40% to 100%; access to an improved drinking water source within 30-minute return journey of the household ranged from 45% to 100%; and with an improved latrine ranged from 32% to 83%. CONCLUSION: An additional round of antibiotic MDA should be administered in Far Al Udayn district before it is resurveyed. In the other surveyed districts, pre-validation surveillance surveys should be conducted in 2 years' time to determine if the TF prevalence <5% has been maintained.


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