The Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale: comparison scores from 27 sites in 22 countries

Stoler, JustinORCID logo; Miller, Joshua DORCID logo; Adams, Ellis AORCID logo; Ahmed, FarooqORCID logo; Alexander, Mallika; Asiki, Gershim; Balogun, MobolanleORCID logo; Boivin, Michael J; Brewis, AlexandraORCID logo; Carrillo, Genny; +37 more...Chapman, KellyORCID logo; Cole, StromaORCID logo; Collins, Shalean M; Escobar-Vargas, Jorge; Eini-Zinab, Hassan; Freeman, Matthew CORCID logo; Ghorbani, Monet; Hagaman, AshleyORCID logo; Hawley, Nicola; Jamaluddine, ZeinaORCID logo; Jepson, Wendy EORCID logo; Krishnakumar, Divya; Maes, Kenneth; Mathad, JyotiORCID logo; Maupin, JonathanORCID logo; Owuor, Patrick Mbullo; Morales, Milton Marin; Morán-Martínez, JavierORCID logo; Omidvar, NasrinORCID logo; Pearson, Amber LORCID logo; Rasheed, Sabrina; Rosinger, Asher YORCID logo; Samayoa-Figueroa, Luisa; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ernesto CORCID logo; Santoso, Marianne VORCID logo; Schuster, Roseanne CORCID logo; Sheikhi, Mahdieh; Srivastava, Sonali; Staddon, ChadORCID logo; Sullivan, AndreaORCID logo; Tesfaye, YihenewORCID logo; Trowell, AlexORCID logo; Tshala-Katumbay, Desire; Tutu, Raymond; Workman, Cassandra LORCID logo; Wutich, AmberORCID logo; and Young, Sera LORCID logo (2021) The Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale: comparison scores from 27 sites in 22 countries. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 11 (6). pp. 1102-1110. ISSN 2043-9083 DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2021.108
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Abstract

Household survey data from 27 sites in 22 countries were collected in 2017–2018 in order to construct and validate a cross-cultural household-level water insecurity scale. The resultant Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) scale presents a useful tool for monitoring and evaluating water interventions as a complement to traditional metrics used by the development community. It can also help track progress toward achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6 ‘clean water and sanitation for all’. We present HWISE scale scores from 27 sites as comparative data for future studies using the HWISE scale in low- and middle-income contexts. Site-level mean scores for HWISE-12 (scored 0–36) ranged from 1.64 (SD 4.22) in Pune, India, to 20.90 (7.50) in Cartagena, Colombia, while site-level mean scores for HWISE-4 (scored 0–12) ranged from 0.51 (1.50) in Pune, India, to 8.21 (2.55) in Punjab, Pakistan. Scores tended to be higher in the dry season as expected. Data from this first implementation of the HWISE scale demonstrate the diversity of water insecurity within and across communities and can help to situate findings from future applications of this tool.


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