Exponential growth, high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine effectiveness associated with the Delta variant.

Elliott, PORCID logo; Haw, DORCID logo; Wang, HORCID logo; Eales, OORCID logo; Walters, CEORCID logo; Ainslie, KEORCID logo; Atchison, CORCID logo; Fronterre, CORCID logo; Diggle, PJORCID logo; Page, AJORCID logo; +11 more...Trotter, AJORCID logo; Prosolek, SJORCID logo; COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium11‡; Ashby, DORCID logo; Donnelly, CAORCID logo; Barclay, WORCID logo; Taylor, GORCID logo; Cooke, GORCID logo; Ward, HORCID logo; Darzi, AORCID logo; Riley, SORCID logo and (2021) Exponential growth, high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine effectiveness associated with the Delta variant. SCIENCE, 374 (6574). eabl9551-. ISSN 0036-8075 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl9551
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were rising during early summer 2021 in many countries as a result of the Delta variant. We assessed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction swab positivity in the Real-time Assessment of Community Transmission–1 (REACT-1) study in England. During June and July 2021, we observed sustained exponential growth with an average doubling time of 25 days, driven by complete replacement of the Alpha variant by Delta and by high prevalence at younger, less-vaccinated ages. Prevalence among unvaccinated people [1.21% (95% credible interval 1.03%, 1.41%)] was three times that among double-vaccinated people [0.40% (95% credible interval 0.34%, 0.48%)]. However, after adjusting for age and other variables, vaccine effectiveness for double-vaccinated people was estimated at between ~50% and ~60% during this period in England. Increased social mixing in the presence of Delta had the potential to generate sustained growth in infections, even at high levels of vaccination.


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