The Effects of Breastfeeding on Retinoblastoma Development: Results from an International Multicenter Retinoblastoma Survey.

Jasmeen K Randhawa ; Mary E Kim ; Ashley Polski ; Mark W Reid ; Kristen Mascarenhas ; Brianne Brown ; Ido Didi Fabian ; Swathi Kaliki ; Andrew W Stacey ; Elizabeth Burner ; +28 more... Caitlin S Sayegh ; Roy A Poblete ; Xunda Ji ; Yihua Zou ; Sadia Sultana ; Riffat Rashid ; Sadik Taju Sherief ; Nathalie Cassoux ; Juan Garcia ; Rosdali Diaz Coronado ; Arturo Manuel Zapata López ; Tatiana Ushakova ; Vladimir G Polyakov ; Soma Rani Roy ; Alia Ahmad ; M Ashwin Reddy ; Mandeep S Sagoo ; Lamis Al Harby ; Nicholas John Astbury ORCID logo ; Covadonga Bascaran ORCID logo ; Sharon Blum ; Richard Bowman ; Matthew J Burton ORCID logo ; Nir Gomel ; Naama Keren-Froim ; Shiran Madgar ; Marcia Zondervan ORCID logo ; Jesse L Berry ; (2021) The Effects of Breastfeeding on Retinoblastoma Development: Results from an International Multicenter Retinoblastoma Survey. Cancers, 13 (19). 4773-. ISSN 2072-6694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194773
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The protective effects of breastfeeding on various childhood malignancies have been established but an association has not yet been determined for retinoblastoma (RB). We aimed to further investigate the role of breastfeeding in the severity of nonhereditary RB development, assessing relationship to (1) age at diagnosis, (2) ocular prognosis, measured by International Intraocular RB Classification (IIRC) or Intraocular Classification of RB (ICRB) group and success of eye salvage, and (3) extraocular involvement. Analyses were performed on a global dataset subgroup of 344 RB patients whose legal guardian(s) consented to answer a neonatal questionnaire. Patients with undetermined or mixed feeding history, family history of RB, or sporadic bilateral RB were excluded. There was no statistically significant difference between breastfed and formula-fed groups in (1) age at diagnosis (p = 0.20), (2) ocular prognosis measures of IIRC/ICRB group (p = 0.62) and success of eye salvage (p = 0.16), or (3) extraocular involvement shown by International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS) at presentation (p = 0.74), lymph node involvement (p = 0.20), and distant metastases (p = 0.37). This study suggests that breastfeeding neither impacts the sporadic development nor is associated with a decrease in the severity of nonhereditary RB as measured by age at diagnosis, stage of disease, ocular prognosis, and extraocular spread. A further exploration into the impact of diet on children who develop RB is warranted.


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