Abstract Using a matched case-control design we measured vitamin D levels in pairs of Gambian children with discordant infection status despite the same sleeping proximity to the same adult TB index case. Vitamin D levels were 2.05ng/mL higher in 24 highly TB-exposed uninfected children compared with 24 matched highly TB-Exposed infected children (p=0.08). The findings warrant further investigation in larger studies to understand the implications and significance. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were higher in TB-uninfected children compared with TB-infected despite equal high exposure to a TB case.