Factors prospectively associated with physical activity and dietary related outcomes in people with severe mental illness: A systematic review of longitudinal studies.
Hassan, Suzan;
Ross, Jamie;
Marston, Louise;
Osborn, David;
Walters, Kate;
(2019)
Factors prospectively associated with physical activity and dietary related outcomes in people with severe mental illness: A systematic review of longitudinal studies.
Psychiatry Research, 273.
pp. 181-191.
ISSN 0165-1781
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.115
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Understanding factors that contribute towards physical activity and diet outcomes are important for health improvement in people with severe mental illness. Cross-sectional findings on factors associated with diet and physical activity outcomes provide limited information on what predicts changes or long-term outcomes in lifestyle behaviours in people with severe mental illness. A systematic review was therefore conducted to identify prospective studies with quantitative data on baseline factors associated with follow-up diet or physical activity related outcomes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus and grey literature databases were searched from inception to March 2018. From 6921 studies, 5 were eligible for physical activity related outcomes and 2 for diet related outcomes. The follow-up duration was 4 weeks to 24 months and participants were mostly diagnosed with schizophrenia. Older age was commonly related to better physical activity related outcomes, whilst higher negative symptoms were related to poorer-related outcomes. Physical activity intentions and gender were unrelated to physical activity outcomes. There was a lack of data on factors influencing dietary outcomes. Although there were some common factors predictive of physical activity including older age and negative symptoms, more high-quality research is needed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, mental health, social, clinical, lifestyle and other factors on both physical activity and dietary outcomes.