Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been licensed for over ten years. They were initially administered as a three-dose regimen over a six-month period. In 2014, following a review of the evidence for dose reduction by the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization, a two-dose regimen for individuals aged younger than 15 years was recommended. Since that time, evidence from observational studies suggests that a single-dose HPV vaccine may also provide protection against HPVinfectionand its sequelae. The primary objective of this paperis to summarize and assess the current evidence fora single-dose HPV vaccination schedule. We also identify gaps that remain in determining whether a single dose could be sufficiently protective to have a major impact against HPV infection and its sequelae within the context of immunization programs.The evidence has been compiled by a working group of the Single-Dose HPV Vaccine Evaluation Consortium, whose members representtechnical depth, a wide global reach, and extensive expertise in immunization programs, HPV vaccine introductions, and vaccine policy. Coordinated by PATH, the Consortium includes the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harvard University, the US National Cancer Institute, Université Laval, the University of British Columbia, and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute at the University of Witwatersrand. The Consortium leverages the experience of expert groups working in HPV vaccine and other vaccine introductions. Members represent groups that have actively generated evidence for HPV vaccine safety and efficacy,as well as post-licensure effectiveness and delivery.They have implemented HPV vaccine delivery programs in numerous countries, comprehensively evaluated the delivery and impact of HPV vaccines