This policy brief is based on findings of a 3ie-supported impact evaluation of the Disability Allowance in the Maldives. This study used a nationally representative, population-based survey of disability in the Maldives, combined with a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental evaluation to assess access to the Disability Allowance and the impact of the Disability Allowance on poverty, health, well-being and social participation. This study found 6.7% of people are living with a disability in the Maldives, of whom 25.5% were receiving the Disability Allowance (programme coverage). Overall, the Disability Allowance had a minimal impact. No impact was found on poverty, well-being and social participation. However, receiving the Disability Allowance was linked to a modest positive impact in health. Access to the Disability Allowance could be improved by streamlining and decentralising the application process, amending the cumbersome requirements for gathering medical documentation of impairments and raising awareness on the application process, including eligibility requirements. The impact of the Disability Allowance may be improved by raising the benefit level, strengthening referrals to linked services and through broader, cross-sector disability-inclusive policy and planning.