Immune predictors of oral poliovirus vaccine immunogenicity among infants in South India.

Babji, SudhirORCID logo; Manickavasagam, Punithavathy; Chen, Yin-Huai; Jeyavelu, Nithya; Jose, Nisha VincyORCID logo; Praharaj, IraORCID logo; Syed, Chanduni; Kaliappan, Saravanakumar PuthupalayamORCID logo; John, Jacob; Giri, SidharthaORCID logo; +7 more...Venugopal, Srinivasan; Kampmann, BeateORCID logo; Parker, Edward PKORCID logo; Iturriza-Gómara, Miren; Kang, Gagandeep; Grassly, Nicholas CORCID logo; and Uhlig, Holm H (2020) Immune predictors of oral poliovirus vaccine immunogenicity among infants in South India. NPJ vaccines, 5 (1). 27-. ISSN 2059-0105 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0178-5
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Identification of the causes of poor oral vaccine immunogenicity in low-income countries might lead to more effective vaccines. We measured mucosal and systemic immune parameters at the time of vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in 292 Indian infants aged 6-11 months, including plasma cytokines, leukocyte counts, fecal biomarkers of environmental enteropathy and peripheral blood T-cell phenotype, focused on gut-homing regulatory CD4+ populations. We did not find a distinct immune phenotype associated with OPV immunogenicity, although viral pathogens were more prevalent in stool at the time of immunization among infants who failed to seroconvert (63.9% vs. 45.6%, p = 0.002). Using a machine-learning approach, we could predict seroconversion a priori using immune parameters and infection status with a median 58% accuracy (cross-validation IQR: 50-69%) compared with 50% expected by chance. Better identification of immune predictors of OPV immunogenicity is likely to require sampling of mucosal tissue and improved oral poliovirus infection models.


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