Regulation of the human NK cell compartment by pathogens and vaccines.
Goodier, Martin R;
Riley, Eleanor M;
(2021)
Regulation of the human NK cell compartment by pathogens and vaccines.
Clinical & Translational Immunology, 10 (1).
e1244-.
ISSN 2050-0068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1244
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Natural killer cells constitute a phenotypically diverse population of innate lymphoid cells with a broad functional spectrum. Classically defined as cytotoxic lymphocytes with the capacity to eliminate cells lacking self-MHC or expressing markers of stress or neoplastic transformation, critical roles for NK cells in immunity to infection in the regulation of immune responses and as vaccine-induced effector cells have also emerged. A crucial feature of NK cell biology is their capacity to integrate signals from pathogen-, tumor- or stress-induced innate pathways and from antigen-specific immune responses. The extent to which innate and acquired immune mediators influence NK cell effector function is influenced by the maturation and differentiation state of the NK cell compartment; moreover, NK cell differentiation is driven in part by exposure to infection. Pathogens can thus mould the NK cell response to maximise their own success and/or minimise the damage they cause. Here, we review recent evidence that pathogen- and vaccine-derived signals influence the differentiation, adaptation and subsequent effector function of human NK cells.