Villar, José; Fernandes, Michelle; Purwar, Manorama; Staines-Urias, Eleonora; Di Nicola, Paola; Cheikh Ismail, Leila; Ochieng, Roseline; Barros, Fernando; Albernaz, Elaine; Victora, Cesar; +17 more... Kunnawar, Naina; Temple, Sophie; Giuliani, Francesca; Sandells, Tamsin; Carvalho, Maria; Ohuma, Eric; Jaffer, Yasmin; Noble, Alison; Gravett, Michael; Pang, Ruyan; Lambert, Ann; Bertino, Enrico; Papageorghiou, Aris; Garza, Cutberto; Stein, Alan; Bhutta, Zulfiqar; Kennedy, Stephen; (2019) Neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours are similar among healthy children across diverse geographical locations. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 10 (1). 511-. ISSN 2041-1723 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07983-4
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Abstract
It is unclear whether early child development is, like skeletal growth, similar across diverse regions with adequate health and nutrition. We prospectively assessed 1307 healthy, well-nourished 2-year-old children of educated mothers, enrolled in early pregnancy from urban areas without major socioeconomic or environmental constraints, in Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and UK. We used a specially developed psychometric tool, WHO motor milestones and visual tests. Similarities across sites were measured using variance components analysis and standardised site differences (SSD). In 14 of the 16 domains, the percentage of total variance explained by between-site differences ranged from 1.3% (cognitive score) to 9.2% (behaviour score). Of the 80 SSD comparisons, only six were >±0.50 units of the pooled SD for the corresponding item. The sequence and timing of attainment of neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours in early childhood are, therefore, likely innate and universal, as long as nutritional and health needs are met.
Item Type | Article |
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Faculty and Department | Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health > Dept of Infectious Disease Epidemiology & International Health (2023-) |
Research Centre | Maternal and Newborn Health Group |
PubMed ID | 30700709 |
Elements ID | 145480 |
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Filename: Neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours are similar among healthy children across diverse geographical locat.pdf
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0
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