Antibody Responses to Antigenic Targets of Recent Exposure Are Associated With Low-Density Parasitemia in Controlled Human Plasmodium falciparum Infections.
van den Hoogen, Lotus L;
Walk, Jona;
Oulton, Tate;
Reuling, Isaie J;
Reiling, Linda;
Beeson, James G;
Coppel, Ross L;
Singh, Susheel K;
Draper, Simon J;
Bousema, Teun;
+3 more...Drakeley, Chris;
Sauerwein, Robert;
Tetteh, Kevin KA;
(2019)
Antibody Responses to Antigenic Targets of Recent Exposure Are Associated With Low-Density Parasitemia in Controlled Human Plasmodium falciparum Infections.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY, 9 (JAN).
3300-.
ISSN 1664-302X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03300
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The majority of malaria infections in low transmission settings remain undetectable by conventional diagnostics. A powerful model to identify antibody responses that allow accurate detection of recent exposure to low-density infections is controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies in which healthy volunteers are infected with the Plasmodium parasite. We aimed to evaluate antibody responses in malaria-naïve volunteers exposed to a single CHMI using a custom-made protein microarray. All participants developed a blood-stage infection with peak parasite densities up to 100 parasites/μl in the majority of participants (50/54), while the remaining four participants had peak densities between 100 and 200 parasites/μl. There was a strong correlation between parasite density and antibody responses associated with the most reactive blood-stage targets 1 month after CHMI (Etramp 5, GLURP-R2, MSP4 and MSP1-19; Spearman's ρ = 0.82, p < 0.001). Most volunteers developed antibodies against a potential marker of recent exposure: Etramp 5 (37/45, 82%). Our findings justify validation in endemic populations to define a minimum set of antigens needed to detect exposure to natural low-density infections.