The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
; Pham, Duy Thanh; Boinett, Christine; Wong, Vanessa K; Pak, Gi Deok; Panzner, Ursula; Espinoza, Ligia Maria Cruz; von Kalckreuth, Vera; Im, Justin; Schütt-Gerowitt, Heidi; +60 more...Crump, John A; Breiman, Robert F; Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphaël; Soura, Abdramane Bassiahi; Aseffa, Abraham; Gasmelseed, Nagla; Keddy, Karen H; May, Jürgen; Sow, Amy Gassama; Aaby, Peter; Biggs, Holly M; Hertz, Julian T; Montgomery, Joel M; Cosmas, Leonard; Olack, Beatrice; Fields, Barry; Sarpong, Nimako; Razafindrabe, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco; Raminosoa, Tiana Mirana; Kabore, Leon Parfait; Sampo, Emmanuel; Teferi, Mekonnen; Yeshitela, Biruk; El Tayeb, Muna Ahmed; Sooka, Arvinda; Meyer, Christian G; Krumkamp, Ralf; Dekker, Denise Myriam; Jaeger, Anna; Poppert, Sven; Tall, Adama; Niang, Aissatou; Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten; Løfberg, Sandra Valborg; Seo, Hye Jin; Jeon, Hyon Jin; Deerin, Jessica Fung; Park, Jinkyung; Konings, Frank; Ali, Mohammad; Clemens, John D; Hughes, Peter; Sendagala, Juliet Nsimire; Vudriko, Tobias; Downing, Robert; Ikumapayi, Usman N; Mackenzie, Grant A; Obaro, Stephen; Argimon, Silvia; Aanensen, David M; Page, Andrew; Keane, Jacqueline A; Duchene, Sebastian; Dyson, Zoe; Holt, Kathryn E; Dougan, Gordon; Marks, Florian; and Baker, Stephen
(2018)
The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
Nature communications, 9 (1).
5094-.
ISSN 2041-1723
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07370-z
There is paucity of data regarding the geographical distribution, incidence, and phylogenetics of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present a phylogenetic reconstruction of whole genome sequenced 249 contemporaneous S. Typhi isolated between 2008-2015 in 11 sub-Saharan African countries, in context of the 2,057 global S. Typhi genomic framework. Despite the broad genetic diversity, the majority of organisms (225/249; 90%) belong to only three genotypes, 4.3.1 (H58) (99/249; 40%), 3.1.1 (97/249; 39%), and 2.3.2 (29/249; 12%). Genotypes 4.3.1 and 3.1.1 are confined within East and West Africa, respectively. MDR phenotype is found in over 50% of organisms restricted within these dominant genotypes. High incidences of MDR S. Typhi are calculated in locations with a high burden of typhoid, specifically in children aged <15 years. Antimicrobial stewardship, MDR surveillance, and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines will be critical for the control of MDR typhoid in Africa.
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