The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Duy Thanh
Pham
;
Christine
Boinett
;
Vanessa K
Wong
;
Gi Deok
Pak
;
Ursula
Panzner
;
Ligia Maria Cruz
Espinoza
;
Vera
von Kalckreuth
;
Justin
Im
;
Heidi
Schütt-Gerowitt
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+60 more...
John A
Crump
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Robert F
Breiman
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Yaw
Adu-Sarkodie
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Ellis
Owusu-Dabo
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Raphaël
Rakotozandrindrainy
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Abdramane Bassiahi
Soura
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Abraham
Aseffa
;
Nagla
Gasmelseed
;
Karen H
Keddy
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Jürgen
May
;
Amy Gassama
Sow
;
Peter
Aaby
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Holly M
Biggs
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Julian T
Hertz
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Joel M
Montgomery
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Leonard
Cosmas
;
Beatrice
Olack
;
Barry
Fields
;
Nimako
Sarpong
;
Tsiriniaina Jean Luco
Razafindrabe
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Tiana Mirana
Raminosoa
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Leon Parfait
Kabore
;
Emmanuel
Sampo
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Mekonnen
Teferi
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Biruk
Yeshitela
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Muna Ahmed
El Tayeb
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Arvinda
Sooka
;
Christian G
Meyer
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Ralf
Krumkamp
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Denise Myriam
Dekker
;
Anna
Jaeger
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Sven
Poppert
;
Adama
Tall
;
Aissatou
Niang
;
Morten
Bjerregaard-Andersen
;
Sandra Valborg
Løfberg
;
Hye Jin
Seo
;
Hyon Jin
Jeon
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Jessica Fung
Deerin
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Jinkyung
Park
;
Frank
Konings
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Mohammad
Ali
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John D
Clemens
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Peter
Hughes
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Juliet Nsimire
Sendagala
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Tobias
Vudriko
;
Robert
Downing
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Usman N
Ikumapayi
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Grant A
Mackenzie
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Stephen
Obaro
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Silvia
Argimon
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David M
Aanensen
;
Andrew
Page
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Jacqueline A
Keane
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Sebastian
Duchene
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Zoe
Dyson
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Kathryn E
Holt
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Gordon
Dougan
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Florian
Marks
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Stephen
Baker
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(2018)
The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.
Nature communications, 9 (1).
5094-.
ISSN 2041-1723
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07370-z
There is paucity of data regarding the geographical distribution, incidence, and phylogenetics of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present a phylogenetic reconstruction of whole genome sequenced 249 contemporaneous S. Typhi isolated between 2008-2015 in 11 sub-Saharan African countries, in context of the 2,057 global S. Typhi genomic framework. Despite the broad genetic diversity, the majority of organisms (225/249; 90%) belong to only three genotypes, 4.3.1 (H58) (99/249; 40%), 3.1.1 (97/249; 39%), and 2.3.2 (29/249; 12%). Genotypes 4.3.1 and 3.1.1 are confined within East and West Africa, respectively. MDR phenotype is found in over 50% of organisms restricted within these dominant genotypes. High incidences of MDR S. Typhi are calculated in locations with a high burden of typhoid, specifically in children aged <15 years. Antimicrobial stewardship, MDR surveillance, and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines will be critical for the control of MDR typhoid in Africa.
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