Tenforde, MW; Mokomane, M; Leeme, T; Patel, RKK; Lekwape, N; Ramodimoosi, C; Dube, B; Williams, EA; Mokobela, KO; Tawanana, E; +13 more... Pilatwe, T; Hurt, WJ; Mitchell, H; Banda, DL; Stone, H; Molefi, M; Mokgacha, K; Phillips, H; Mullan, PC; Steenhoff, AP; Mashalla, Y; Mine, M; Jarvis, JN; (2017) Advanced HIV disease in Botswana following successful antiretroviral therapy rollout: Incidence of and temporal trends in cryptococcal meningitis. Clinical infectious diseases. ISSN 1058-4838 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix430
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Abstract
Botswana has a well-developed antiretroviral therapy (ART) program which serves as a regional model. With wide ART availability, the burden of advanced HIV and associated opportunistic infections would be expected to decline. We performed a nationwide surveillance study to determine the national incidence of cryptococcal meningitis, and describe characteristics of cases 2000-2014 and temporal trends at two national referral hospitals. Cerebrospinal fluid data from all 37 laboratories performing meningitis diagnostics in Botswana were collected 2000-2014 to identify cases of cryptococcal meningitis. Basic demographic and laboratory data were recorded. Complete national data from 2013-2014 were used to calculate national incidence using UNAIDS population estimates. Temporal trends in cases were derived from national referral centers 2004-2014. 5296 episodes of cryptococcal meningitis were observed in 4702 individuals; 60.6% were male, and median age was 36 years. Overall 2013-2014 incidence was 17.8 cases/100,000 person-years (95%CI 16.6 - 19.2). In the HIV-infected population, incidence was 96.8 cases/100,000 person-years (95%CI 90.0 - 104.0); male predominance was seen across CD4 strata. At national referral hospitals, cases decreased 2007-2009 but stabilized 2010-2014. Despite excellent ART coverage in Botswana, there is still a substantial burden of advanced HIV, with 2013-2014 incidence of cryptococcal meningitis comparable to pre-ART era rates in South Africa. Our findings suggest a key population of individuals, often men, are developing advanced disease and associated opportunistic infections due to a failure to effectively engage in care, highlighting the need for differentiated care models.
Item Type | Article |
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Faculty and Department | Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases > Dept of Clinical Research |
PubMed ID | 28505328 |
ISI | 407808400016 |
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Filename: Advanced HIV disease in Botswana_GREEN AAM.pdf
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0
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