Private pharmacies or shops are the source of 60% of the drugs bought to treat suspected cases of malaria. At the same time 59% of children fail to be treated within 24 hours of onset. The private sector is the primary source for antimalarials, but parents and carers are failing to administer those drugs sufficiently early to minimise morbidity and mortality. This review focused on the way in which antimalarial drugs reach the patient. It also examined ways in which the delivery system could be improved and how the private facilities can become more effective sources of both drugs and advice. It has found that there are many problems with the way that drugs are distributed. Many unregistered drugs are readily available, and poor storage conditions are likely to reduce the efficacy of drugs even if they were of good quality at the time of manufacture. For many people the cost of even the cheapest antimalarial is an issue and purchase of part doses is common. The knowledge of the staff in pharmacies is poor and in shops woefully inadequate. Nonetheless most people use shops and private pharmacies as their source for drugs. There are two overarching requirements: • First of all the needs and capabilities of the private sector must always be taken into account before any decision is made about how to make antimalarials more available. • Secondly, educating the staff and public will only be achieved through a subtle communications package regularly repeated and brought up to date. For example we found that many workers in Part II pharmacies remain in post for no more than one year. Unlike their counterparts in the public sector, staff in the private sector do not find incentives in attending training courses. Staff in the public sector spend so much time on courses that their time to actually implement what they have learned is limited. To reach the private sector staff will require subtler and more cost effective methods. The report is full of detailed recommendations for the improvement of the supply systems and for educating both staff and public.