Houlihan, Catherine F; Mutevedzi, Portia C; Lessells, Richard J; Cooke, Graham S; Tanser, Frank C; Newell, Marie-Louise; (2010) The tuberculosis challenge in a rural South African HIV programme. BMC infectious diseases, 10 (1). 23-. ISSN 1471-2334 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: South Africa remains the country with the greatest burden of HIV-infected individuals and the second highest estimated TB incidence per capita worldwide. Within South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal has one of the highest rates of TB incidence and an emerging epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis. METHODS: Review of records of consecutive HIV-infected people initiated onto ART between 1st January 2005 and 31st March 2006. Patients were screened for TB at initiation and incident episodes recorded. CD4 counts, viral loads and follow-up status were recorded; data was censored on 5th August 2008. Geographic cluster analysis was performed using spatial scanning. RESULTS: 801 patients were initiated. TB prevalence was 25.3%, associated with lower CD4 (AHR 2.61 p = 0.01 for CD4 <50 cells/microl) and prior TB (AHR 1.58 p = 0.02). Incidence was 6.89 per 100 person-years from 81 cases over 1175 person-years analysis time and was highest in the first 3 months after ART initiation; associated with male sex and higher log HIV RNA. Prevalent and incident TB were significantly associated with mortality (OR 1.81 p = 0.01 and 2.02 p = 0.01 respectively). Incident TB was associated with a non-significant trend towards viral load >25 copies/ml (OR 1.75 p = 0.11). A low-risk cluster for incident TB was identified for patients living near the local hospital in the geospatial analysis. CONCLUSION: There is a large burden of TB in this population. Rate of incident TB stabilises at a rate higher than that of the overall population. These data highlight the need for greater research on strategies for active case finding in rural settings and the need to focus on strengthening primary health care.
Item Type | Article |
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Keywords | AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology/mortality, Adolescent, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Female, HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Sex Factors, South Africa/epidemiology, Tuberculosis/*epidemiology/mortality, Viral Load, Young Adult, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, epidemiology, mortality, Adolescent, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Female, HIV Infections, complications, epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Sex Factors, South Africa, epidemiology, Tuberculosis, epidemiology, mortality, Viral Load, Young Adult |
Faculty and Department | Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases > Dept of Clinical Research |
Research Centre | TB Centre |
PubMed ID | 20146818 |
ISI | 275317800001 |
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