This literature review was requested by the WHO/EHA to examine current knowledge about health policy formulation in postconflict countries and complex political emergencies. According to the literature reviewed, health policy formulation in post-conflict countries and complex political emergencies has been successful in providing useful direction to health service providers, and channelling donor resources in a more effective manner. Based on this success, there may be scope to expand health policy formulation and implementation in both post-conflict countries and complex political emergencies to address the fragmented, and often sub-effective provision of health services found in these countries.