High diagnostic yield of tuberculosis from screening urine samples from HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.
Lawn, SD;
Kerkhoff, AD;
Vogt, M;
Wood, R;
(2012)
High diagnostic yield of tuberculosis from screening urine samples from HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
ISSN 1525-4135
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/20899
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: ABSTRACT:: We determined the diagnostic yield of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculosis (TB) when testing small volumes of urine from ambulatory HIV-infected patients prior to starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. Compared to a gold standard of sputum culture, the sensitivity of urine Xpert among those with CD4 cell counts of <50, 50-100 and >100 cells/?L were 44.4%, 25.0% and 2.7% (P=0.001), respectively. Urine Xpert testing provides a means of rapid TB diagnosis in patients with advanced immunodeficiency and poor prognosis. These data are indicative of high rates of TB dissemination and renal involvement in this clinical population.