Parental, prenatal, and neonatal associations with ball skills at age 8 using an exposome approach.
Golding, Jean;
Gregory, Steven;
Iles-Caven, Yasmin;
Lingam, Raghu;
Davis, John M;
Emmett, Pauline;
Steer, Colin D;
Hibbeln, Joseph R;
(2014)
Parental, prenatal, and neonatal associations with ball skills at age 8 using an exposome approach.
Journal of child neurology, 29 (10).
pp. 1390-1398.
ISSN 0883-0738
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073814530501
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There is little consistency in the literature concerning factors that influence motor coordination in children. A hypothesis-free "exposome" approach was used with 7359 children using longitudinal information covering 3 generations in regard to throwing a ball accurately at age 7 years. The analyses showed an independent robust negative association with mother's unhappiness in her midchildhood (6-11 years). No such association was present for study fathers. The offspring of parents who described themselves as having poor eyesight had poorer ability. This hypothesis-free approach has identified a strong negative association with an unhappy childhood. Future studies of this cohort will be used to determine whether the mechanism is manifest through differing parenting skills, or a biological mechanism reflecting epigenetic effects.