This document summarizes the results of a technical consultation on birth spacing which took place in Geneva from 13 to 15 June 2005. The meeting's objective was to recommend intervals between births. Therefore, the participating international experts reviewed evidence on the relationship between different birth-spacing intervals and maternal, infant and child health outcomes. The analysis results in two overall recommendations: one on birth spacing after live birth and the other one on spacing after abortion. The participants also identified additional analyses and issues to be addressed.