%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Samantha Rada, Jutta Gamper, Raquel González, Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma, Smaïla Ouédraogo, Mwaka A. Kakolwa, Rella Zoleko-Manego, Esperança Sevene, Abdunoor M. Kabanywanyi, Manfred Accrombessi, Valérie Briand, Michel Cot, Anifa Vala, Peter G. Kremsner, Salim Abdulla, Achille Massougbodgi, Arsénio Nhacolo, John J. Aponte, Eusébio Macete, Clara Menéndez, Michael Ramharter
Concordance of three alternative gestational age assessments for pregnant women from four African countries: A secondary analysis of the MIPPAD trial
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 13 0 R/Contents 14 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
13 0 obj
[15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R]
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref001)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref003)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref004)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref004)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref005)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref006)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref005)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.s001)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref007)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 25 0 R>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>
endobj
14 0 obj
[26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R]
endobj
26 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
0 w
575.9997 438.0761 m
199.9998 438.0761 l
199.9998 438.5761 l
575.9997 438.5761 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
371.452 302.9102 m
376.2142 302.9102 l
h
f*
381.3732 302.9102 m
386.1354 302.9102 l
h
f*
263.8488 250.9228 m
268.611 250.9228 l
h
f*
481.663 224.9008 m
486.1984 224.9008 l
h
f*
490.4504 224.9008 m
494.9858 224.9008 l
h
f*
493.1717 172.9134 m
497.7071 172.9134 l
h
f*
393.6189 133.9087 m
398.211 133.9087 l
h
f*
203.1874 120.926 m
228.3024 120.926 l
h
f*
525.7134 107.9433 m
530.2488 107.9433 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
9.5 0 0 9.5 200.0125 707.7543 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.015 Tc
0 0 Td
(period,)Tj
3.1628 0 Td
(2\))Tj
1.0742 0 Td
(symphysis-funda)Tj
7.2686 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4237 0 Td
(height)Tj
2.8406 0 Td
(measurement,)Tj
6.4272 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.832 0 Td
(3\))Tj
1.0742 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5635 0 Td
(New)Tj
2.1663 0 Td
(Ballard)Tj
3.2166 0 Td
(Score.)Tj
3.0196 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.8977 0 Td
(Bland-)Tj
-35.967 -1.474 Td
(Altman)Tj
3.2404 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.4553 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.832 0 Td
(intraclass)Tj
4.2848 0 Td
(correlation)Tj
4.7085 0 Td
(coefficient)Tj
4.5533 0 Td
(\(ICC\))Tj
2.5363 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.3154 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.3214 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0265 0 Td
(test)Tj
1.7783 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5576 0 Td
(degree)Tj
3.2285 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.8383 -1.474 Td
(agreement.)Tj
5.1202 0 Td
(Survival)Tj
3.6462 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.6914 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.8756 0 Td
(age,)Tj
2.1006 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.3155 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.2472 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.295 0 Td
(inclusion)Tj
3.9566 0 Td
(criterion)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3487 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0017 0 Td
(analysis,)Tj
-35.227 -1.474 Td
(was)Tj
1.9454 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1663 0 Td
(22)Tj
1.2949 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0265 0 Td
(44)Tj
1.295 0 Td
(weeks.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.4998 0 0 11.4998 200.0125 638.6456 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0035 Tc
0 0 Td
(Findings)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
9.5 0 0 9.5 200.0125 621.6377 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0042 Tc
0 0 Td
(Plots)Tj
2.4169 0 Td
(showed)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7698 0 Td
(lack)Tj
1.9753 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0503 0 Td
(agreement)Tj
4.9472 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9566 0 Td
(methods)Tj
4.0222 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8619 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5993 0 Td
(95%)Tj
2.1961 0 Td
(limits)Tj
2.4706 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(agreement)Tj
4.9532 0 Td
(too)Tj
-36.892 -1.474 Td
(wide)Tj
2.2438 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0503 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.3188 0 Td
(clinically)Tj
3.879 0 Td
(useful.)Tj
3.133 0 Td
(ICC)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7997 0 Td
(0.25)Tj
2.1423 0 Td
(indicated)Tj
4.1714 0 Td
(poor)Tj
2.1961 0 Td
(agreement.)Tj
5.2277 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.8832 0 Td
(post-hoc)Tj
4.0103 0 Td
(analysis,)Tj
-32.9832 -1.474 Td
(restricted)Tj
4.2847 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2081 0 Td
(32)Tj
1.3188 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0444 0 Td
(42)Tj
1.3188 0 Td
(weeks,)Tj
3.3061 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.9753 0 Td
(done)Tj
2.4169 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(check)Tj
2.8108 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3725 0 Td
(better)Tj
2.7511 0 Td
(agreement)Tj
4.9532 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9846 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.7545 0 Td
(near-term)Tj
-33.5441 -1.474 Td
(population.)Tj
5.0426 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(plots)Tj
2.3095 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8678 0 Td
(ICC)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7996 0 Td
(0.16)Tj
2.1424 0 Td
(still)Tj
1.6411 0 Td
(confirmed)Tj
4.5593 0 Td
(poor)Tj
2.1961 0 Td
(agreemen)Tj
4.4579 0 Td
(t.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.4998 0 0 11.4998 200.0125 552.5858 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0035 Tc
0 0 Td
(Conclusion)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
9.5 0 0 9.5 200.0125 535.5779 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0042 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(alternative)Tj
4.7741 0 Td
(assessments)Tj
6.0035 0 Td
(do)Tj
1.3188 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5934 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.6377 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9847 0 Td
(comparable)Tj
5.3828 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.5175 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8679 0 Td
(discrepancies)Tj
6.2541 0 Td
(are)Tj
-37.262 -1.474 Td
(far)Tj
1.3725 0 Td
(beyond)Tj
3.4613 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5933 0 Td
(clinically)Tj
3.885 0 Td
(acceptable)Tj
4.9949 0 Td
(range.)Tj
3.0256 0 Td
(Last)Tj
2.0887 0 Td
(menstrual)Tj
4.5652 0 Td
(period)Tj
2.96 0 Td
(should)Tj
3.127 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5934 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.3188 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.3632 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.2652 0 Td
(the)Tj
-37.6141 -1.474 Td
(only)Tj
2.023 0 Td
(estimator)Tj
4.2848 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0383 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.983 0 Td
(age.)Tj
2.1364 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.0384 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(absence)Tj
3.9506 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0384 0 Td
(reliable)Tj
3.3836 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.3513 0 Td
(ultrasound,)Tj
5.0964 0 Td
(symphysis-fun-)Tj
-32.9116 -1.474 Td
(dal)Tj
1.5336 0 Td
(height)Tj
2.9063 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.7733 0 Td
(may)Tj
2.0946 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.3189 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.3691 0 Td
(useful)Tj
2.8585 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.96 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.8338 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3726 0 Td
(fetal)Tj
2.0886 0 Td
(risk)Tj
1.7605 0 Td
(assessment)Tj
-32.8698 -1.474 Td
(and)Tj
1.8619 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5993 0 Td
(New)Tj
2.1961 0 Td
(Ballard)Tj
3.2941 0 Td
(Score)Tj
2.8048 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.2021 0 Td
(delivery)Tj
3.6164 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.2651 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7699 0 Td
(confirmation)Tj
5.6036 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0503 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.6377 0 Td
(estimations)Tj
5.2217 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8679 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3785 0 Td
(fur-)Tj
-37.3694 -1.474 Td
(ther)Tj
1.9215 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
4.0043 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.7827 0 Td
(.)Tj
0.4953 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.4041 0 Td
(promotion)Tj
4.613 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0444 0 Td
(portable)Tj
3.7894 0 Td
(ultrasound)Tj
4.8279 0 Td
(devices)Tj
3.5746 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.9309 0 Td
(required)Tj
-35.3881 -1.474 Td
(for)Tj
1.3725 0 Td
(accurate)Tj
4.0162 0 Td
(assessment)Tj
5.5082 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0503 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.8678 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9847 0 Td
(sub-Sahara)Tj
5.3291 0 Td
(Africa.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 386.022 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Introduction)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 369.0141 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Gestational)Tj
4.7508 0 Td
(age,)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(duration)Tj
3.7021 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.4106 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(begins)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(conception,)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(necessity)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(mea-)Tj
-34.8999 -1.3039 Td
(sure)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(delivery)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(establishment)Tj
5.7317 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(optimal)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(antenatal)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(post-)Tj
-35.5632 -1.2982 Td
(natal)Tj
2.1769 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4369 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(plans)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(mother)Tj
3.1691 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(infant.)Tj
2.829 0 Td
(Precise)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(estimates)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
-32.0993 -1.2983 Td
(age)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0637 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(risks)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(fetus)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(neonate)Tj
3.4015 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(succumb)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(pre-term)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
1.3323 0 Td
(37)Tj
-36.3909 -1.2983 Td
(weeks\))Tj
2.948 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(fetal)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(restriction)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(contribute)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(high)Tj
2.007 0 Td
(numbers)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(birth)Tj
-34.0722 -1.3039 Td
(weight,)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(especially)Tj
4.0138 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(low-resource)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(settings)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.5909 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(developed)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(abdominal)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(ultra-)Tj
-35.3648 -1.2982 Td
(sound)Tj
2.6928 0 Td
(examination,)Tj
5.4539 0 Td
(generally)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8029 0 Td
(trimester,)Tj
4.0818 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0637 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(gold)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.7191 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.9204 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(determination)Tj
5.9527 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(age,)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(however)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(low-resource)Tj
5.4198 0 Td
(settings,)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(technology)Tj
-32.5642 -1.3039 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(inaccessible)Tj
4.9095 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(unavailable,)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(healthcare)Tj
4.3257 0 Td
(workers)Tj
3.4356 0 Td
(must)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(rely)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(determine)Tj
-31.8612 -1.2983 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.5013 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-0.025 Tc
-4.8472 -1.2983 Td
(Alternative)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3209 0 Td
(assessing)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(menstrual)Tj
4.0591 0 Td
(period)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(\(LMP\),)Tj
-32.9893 -1.3039 Td
(symphysis-fundal)Tj
6.9278 0 Td
(height)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.4369 0 Td
(\(SFH\))Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.6668 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(New)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(Ballard)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(Score)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2018 0 Td
(5)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.1963 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7177 0 Td
(preferred)Tj
-31.9575 -1.2982 Td
(method)Tj
3.1917 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9695 0 Td
(assessment)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(varies)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.2122 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(LMP)Tj
2.1429 0 Td
(being)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(frequently)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(used)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9922 0 Td
(preg-)Tj
-35.5519 -1.2983 Td
(nancy,)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(SFH)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(around)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(20)Tj
1.1282 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(gestation)Tj
3.634 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.6667 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(New)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(Ballard)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(Score)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(used)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(after)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(delivery.)Tj
3.4243 0 Td
(Last)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(men-)Tj
-35.3081 -1.3039 Td
(strual)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(period)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(age,)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(taken)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2302 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(pregnancy,)Tj
4.422 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.805 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(interval)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(originating)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(first)Tj
-35.0246 -1.2983 Td
(date)Tj
1.8141 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9695 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(normal)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(menstrual)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(cycle)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(relying)Tj
2.846 0 Td
(upon)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(recall)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9694 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(woman)Tj
3.1068 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(Symphysis-Fundal)Tj
-30.5062 -1.2982 Td
(height)Tj
2.6021 0 Td
(measurement,)Tj
5.6466 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1395 0 Td
(bimanual)Tj
3.8325 0 Td
(palpation,)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8051 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4059 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(top)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(symphysis)Tj
4.1555 0 Td
(pubis)Tj
-34.3216 -1.2983 Td
(\(pubic)Tj
2.6758 0 Td
(bone\))Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4059 0 Td
(top)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(uterine)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(fundus)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.6668 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8107 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(accurately)Tj
4.0478 0 Td
(measured)Tj
3.9402 0 Td
(around)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(20)Tj
1.1282 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.4022 -1.3039 Td
(gestation)Tj
3.6339 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4059 0 Td
(fundus)Tj
2.8744 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.805 0 Td
(above)Tj
2.4434 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(symphysis)Tj
4.1556 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5193 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(New)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(Ballard)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(Score,)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.635 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.2415 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9695 0 Td
(procedures)Tj
-32.5585 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(S1)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(File)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(requiring)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(12)Tj
1.1282 0 Td
(inputs)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(assessing)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(physical)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.6667 0 Td
(neuromuscular)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
(maturity)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.406 0 Td
(neonate)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(to)Tj
-34.6504 -1.2983 Td
(determine)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(its)Tj
1.0829 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(age,)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.805 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(postnatally)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(up)Tj
1.2189 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9864 0 Td
(96)Tj
1.1282 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.4094 0 Td
(after)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5193 0 Td
(Since)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7427 0 Td
(is)Tj
-36.7651 -1.3039 Td
(taken)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(postnatally,)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(estimation)Tj
4.2349 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(cannot)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(used)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(risk)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(assessment)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(before)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(birth,)Tj
-35.3137 -1.2982 Td
(but)Tj
1.491 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(healthcare.)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8163 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.0409 0 Td
(shown)Tj
2.744 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(constitute)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 268.2141 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Concordan)Tj
4.8047 0 Td
(ce)Tj
1.2614 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.4591 0 Td
(alternativ)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(e)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(gestationa)Tj
4.5284 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4394 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.8496 0 Td
(assessmen)Tj
4.9819 0 Td
(ts)Tj
0.9922 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1898 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.9134 0 Td
(African)Tj
3.2811 0 Td
(countries)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01992)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(43)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(August)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(6,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.5758 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
0.496 0 Td
(13)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-66.402 84.0904 Td
(researche)Tj
3.6142 0 Td
(rs)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.5378 0 Td
(contact)Tj
2.9409 0 Td
(ISGlobal)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(or)Tj
0.9993 0 Td
(Bernhard-)Tj
-13.3867 -1.3748 Td
(Nocht-Instit)Tj
4.3724 0 Td
(ut)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(fur)Tj
1.2544 0 Td
(Tropenmedi)Tj
4.4646 0 Td
(zin)Tj
1.2472 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.2544 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.7929 0 Td
(access.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
-15.3355 -2.126 Td
(Funding:)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
3.5716 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(funders)Tj
3.0473 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.8858 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.2607 0 Td
(design,)Tj
-15.7253 -1.3749 Td
(data)Tj
1.7929 0 Td
(collection)Tj
3.7347 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5945 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
2.9622 0 Td
(,)Tj
0.4464 0 Td
(decision)Tj
3.2883 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(publish,)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(or)Tj
-17.9151 -1.3748 Td
(preparation)Tj
4.4433 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3677 0 Td
(manuscript.)Tj
4.6347 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.7859 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.2606 0 Td
(was)Tj
-15.4418 -1.3748 Td
(funded)Tj
2.7921 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1126 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3677 0 Td
(European)Tj
3.7418 0 Td
(Developing)Tj
4.3512 0 Td
(Countries)Tj
-13.3654 -1.3748 Td
(Clinical)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(Trials)Tj
2.2323 0 Td
(Partnersh)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(ip)Tj
0.893 0 Td
(\(EDCTP;)Tj
-9.5599 -1.3748 Td
(IP.2007.3)Tj
3.5929 0 Td
(1080.002\))Tj
4.0677 0 Td
(\(CM\),)Tj
2.3386 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3678 0 Td
(Malaria)Tj
2.9339 0 Td
(in)Tj
-14.3009 -1.3748 Td
(Pregnancy)Tj
4.1598 0 Td
(Consorti)Tj
3.1182 0 Td
(um)Tj
1.4527 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3678 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.5858 0 Td
(national)Tj
-15.2717 -1.3748 Td
(agencies:)Tj
3.6921 0 Td
(Instituto)Tj
3.274 0 Td
(de)Tj
1.1197 0 Td
(Salud)Tj
2.3032 0 Td
(Carlos)Tj
2.5654 0 Td
(III)Tj
0.985 0 Td
(\(PI08/05)Tj
3.2316 0 Td
(64\),)Tj
-17.171 -1.3749 Td
(Spain;)Tj
2.5299 0 Td
(Federal)Tj
2.8772 0 Td
(Ministry)Tj
3.2457 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9425 0 Td
(Education)Tj
3.8835 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(Researc)Tj
2.9977 0 Td
(h)Tj
-18.0639 -1.3748 Td
(\(BMBF)Tj
2.7567 0 Td
(FKZ:)Tj
1.8638 0 Td
(da01KA08)Tj
3.8338 0 Td
(03\),)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(Germany;)Tj
3.8339 0 Td
(Institut)Tj
2.7993 0 Td
(de)Tj
-16.7883 -1.3748 Td
(Recherche)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(pour)Tj
1.9488 0 Td
(le)Tj
0.8363 0 Td
(De)Tj
0 Tc
0.6519 0.0284 Td
()Tj
-0.025 Tc
0.3544 -0.0284 Td
(veloppement)Tj
5.0032 0 Td
(\(IRD\),)Tj
2.4874 0 Td
(France.)Tj
-15.4489 -1.3748 Td
(CANTAM)Tj
3.6142 0 Td
(provide)Tj
2.7567 0 Td
(d)Tj
0.6945 0 Td
(infrastructure)Tj
5.2087 0 Td
(help)Tj
1.7787 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.8929 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3678 0 Td
(study.)Tj
-16.3135 -1.3748 Td
(RG)Tj
1.396 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(partially)Tj
3.0969 0 Td
(supported)Tj
3.9969 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1126 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6449 0 Td
(grant)Tj
2.1472 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.0127 0 Td
(the)Tj
-16.108 -1.3748 Td
(Spanish)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(Ministry)Tj
3.2386 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(Health)Tj
2.5725 0 Td
(\(ref.)Tj
1.7362 0 Td
(CM07/00)Tj
3.4229 0 Td
(15\).)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(The)Tj
-16.8237 -1.3748 Td
(CISM)Tj
2.2819 0 Td
(receives)Tj
3.2457 0 Td
(core)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(funding)Tj
3.0402 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.0055 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3748 0 Td
(Spanish)Tj
-13.7906 -1.3748 Td
(Agency)Tj
2.9551 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.2543 0 Td
(International)Tj
4.8402 0 Td
(Cooperation)Tj
4.7127 0 Td
(\(AECI\).)Tj
-13.7623 -1.3749 Td
(LLITNs)Tj
2.9055 0 Td
(\(Permane)Tj
3.6284 0 Td
(t\))Tj
0.7866 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0055 0 Td
(donated)Tj
3.2174 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1126 0 Td
(Vestergaard)Tj
-13.656 -1.3748 Td
(Fransen.)Tj
3.3874 0 Td
(Austrian)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(Ministry)Tj
3.2386 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(Science,)Tj
3.3237 0 Td
(Researc)Tj
2.9976 0 Td
(h)Tj
-17.1851 -1.3748 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(Economy)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(Deutsche)Tj
3.4725 0 Td
(s)Tj
0.6448 0 Td
(Zentrum)Tj
3.3733 0 Td
(fu)Tj
0 Tc
0.3402 0 Td
()Tj
-0.025 Tc
0.3897 0 Td
(r)Tj
0.5315 0 Td
(Luft-)Tj
-15.6402 -1.3748 Td
(und)Tj
1.637 0 Td
(Raumfahrt)Tj
4.174 0 Td
(\(MR\))Tj
2.1756 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3678 0 Td
(Bill)Tj
1.3252 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(Melinda)Tj
-13.8544 -1.3748 Td
(Gates)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(Foundation)Tj
4.3583 0 Td
(\(CM\).)Tj
2.3315 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.3173 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7079 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(additional)Tj
-14.2016 -1.3748 Td
(external)Tj
3.1323 0 Td
(funding)Tj
3.0401 0 Td
(received)Tj
3.3024 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.2544 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(study.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
-12.2882 -2.126 Td
(Competing)Tj
4.3795 0 Td
(interests)Tj
3.3307 0 Td
(:)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
0.4819 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.5875 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.0401 0 Td
(have)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(declared)Tj
-14.7827 -1.3748 Td
(that)Tj
1.6228 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(competing)Tj
4.1599 0 Td
(interests)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
27 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
28 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
29 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
30 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
31 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
32 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
33 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
34 0 obj
<>stream
BT
10.3394 48.2177 Td
(exist.)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 38 0 R/Contents 39 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
38 0 obj
[40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R]
endobj
40 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref004)>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref005)>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref007)>>
endobj
43 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref008)>>
endobj
44 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref009)>>
endobj
45 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref010)>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref011)>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref012)>>
endobj
48 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref013)>>
endobj
49 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref014)>>
endobj
50 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0199243.ref015)>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 52 0 R>>
endobj
52 0 obj
<>
endobj
39 0 obj
[53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R]
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
489.1465 693.2976 m
493.7386 693.2976 l
h
f*
495.7795 693.2976 m
500.315 693.2976 l
h
f*
502.3559 693.2976 m
506.8913 693.2976 l
h
f*
508.9323 693.2976 m
513.4677 693.2976 l
h
f*
515.5087 693.2976 m
520.1008 693.2976 l
h
f*
276.7181 567.0992 m
286.2425 567.0992 l
h
f*
288.5102 567.0992 m
298.0346 567.0992 l
h
f*
242.5323 554.1165 m
252 554.1165 l
h
f*
254.2677 554.1165 m
263.7921 554.1165 l
h
f*
424.5732 94.9039 m
433.9843 94.9039 l
h
f*
438.4063 94.9039 m
447.7606 94.9039 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.025 Tc
0 0 Td
(reasonable)Tj
4.2632 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
5.7827 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3209 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(ultrasound)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(also)Tj
-35.4498 -1.3039 Td
(acceptable)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(assessing)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.269 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9977 0 Td
(low-resource)Tj
5.1647 0 Td
(settings)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
4.1555 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(purpose)Tj
-34.469 -1.2982 Td
(of)Tj
0.9694 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6327 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9865 0 Td
(determine)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7371 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4059 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(alternative)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3209 0 Td
(estimating)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(were)Tj
-34.8942 -1.2983 Td
(in)Tj
0.9921 0 Td
(agreement)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(another)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(pregnant)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.101 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(African)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(participating)Tj
5.0569 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9922 0 Td
(a)Tj
-36.8955 -1.2983 Td
(randomized)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(controlled)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(trial)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3209 0 Td
(malaria)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(prevention.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 629.1779 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Methods)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
0 -1.4976 Td
(Study)Tj
2.6173 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7953 0 Td
(population)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 594.1984 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Gestational)Tj
4.7508 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(taken)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(open-label,)Tj
4.6488 0 Td
(randomized,)Tj
5.2837 0 Td
(three-arm)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(trial)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(took)Tj
-33.5279 -1.2982 Td
(place)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(2009)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(2013)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(intermittent)Tj
5.0853 0 Td
(preventive)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(treatments)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(against)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(malaria)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.9997 -1.3039 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(\(IPTp\))Tj
2.931 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0319 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(sub-Saharan)Tj
5.1873 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Benin,)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(Gabon,)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(Mozambique,)Tj
5.743 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.7355 -1.2983 Td
(Tanzania)Tj
3.9117 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(primary)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(approved)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(Committees)Tj
5.1023 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Hospi-)Tj
-34.5541 -1.2983 Td
(tal)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(Cl)Tj
0 Tc
0.8504 0.0511 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.3288 -0.0511 Td
(nic)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Barcelona)Tj
4.1895 0 Td
(\(Spain\),)Tj
3.3676 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Comite)Tj
0 Tc
2.5795 0.0511 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.618 -0.0511 Td
(Consultatif)Tj
4.6601 0 Td
(de)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(De)Tj
0 Tc
0.7597 0.0511 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.3969 -0.0511 Td
(ontologie)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(d'E)Tj
0 Tc
0.8391 0.2495 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.4762 -0.2495 Td
(thique)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(\(CCDE\))Tj
-33.0801 -1.3039 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Institut)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(de)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(Recherche)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(pour)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(le)Tj
0.8901 0 Td
(De)Tj
0 Tc
0.754 0.0567 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.4025 -0.0567 Td
(veloppement)Tj
5.4028 0 Td
(\(IRD,)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(France\).)Tj
3.5149 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(local)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(regulatory)Tj
-32.4905 -1.2982 Td
(authorities)Tj
4.5013 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(Review)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(Committees)Tj
5.0967 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(malaria)Tj
3.2259 0 Td
(endemic)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(country,)Tj
-33.6583 -1.2983 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(approved)Tj
3.9684 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(study:)Tj
2.6136 0 Td
(Comite)Tj
0 Tc
2.5738 0.051 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.6236 -0.051 Td
(d')Tj
0.9638 0 Td
(Ethique)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(de)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(l'Universite)Tj
0 Tc
4.2123 0.051 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.6179 -0.051 Td
(Abomey)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(Calavi)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(\(Benin\),)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(Comite)Tj
0 Tc
2.5739 0.051 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
-35.7333 -1.3493 Td
(d'Ethique)Tj
4.0818 0 Td
(Re)Tj
0 Tc
0.6463 0.0511 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.3969 -0.0511 Td
(gional)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(Inde)Tj
0 Tc
1.4343 0.0511 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.4025 -0.0511 Td
(pendant)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(de)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(Lambare)Tj
0 Tc
3.1294 0.0511 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.3968 -0.0511 Td
(ne)Tj
1.1963 0 Td
(\(Gabon\),)Tj
3.838 0 Td
(Comite)Tj
0 Tc
2.5739 0.0511 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.6236 -0.0511 Td
(Nacional)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(de)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(Bioe)Tj
0 Tc
1.372 0.0511 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.4025 -0.0511 Td
(tica)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(para)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(a)Tj
-36.4873 -1.3039 Td
(Sau)Tj
0 Tc
0.9807 0.0454 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.4536 -0.0454 Td
(de)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(\(Mozambique\),)Tj
6.4233 0 Td
(Departamento)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
(Farmace)Tj
0 Tc
3.033 0.051 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.4025 -0.051 Td
(utico)Tj
2.2394 0 Td
(\(Mozambique\),)Tj
6.4233 0 Td
(Institutional)Tj
5.1646 0 Td
(Review)Tj
-32.326 -1.2983 Td
(Board)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(\(Tanzania\),)Tj
4.8188 0 Td
(National)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(Institute)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(Medical)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(Research)Tj
3.8098 0 Td
(Review)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(Board\(Tanzania\),)Tj
7.234 0 Td
(Tanzania)Tj
-33.6867 -1.2982 Td
(Food)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(Drug)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(Association)Tj
4.8812 0 Td
(\(Tanzania\).)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(primary)Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(trial)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(provisions)Tj
-33.3238 -1.3039 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Declaration)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Helsinki)Tj
3.5999 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(accordance)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(Good)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(Clinical)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(Practices)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(guidelines)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(set)Tj
-35.3591 -1.2983 Td
(up)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(WHO)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(International)Tj
5.4822 0 Td
(Conference)Tj
4.8415 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(Harmonization.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 399.0047 cm
BT
/F12 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Enrollment)Tj
5.0031 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7953 0 Td
(assessments)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 381.9968 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.01 Tc
0 0 Td
(Women)Tj
3.4525 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7575 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(enrolled)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(signing)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(written)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(informed)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(consent)Tj
-33.4712 -1.2982 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(inclusion)Tj
3.8665 0 Td
(criteria:)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(permanent)Tj
4.5468 0 Td
(residence)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(area,)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(negative)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(HIV-)Tj
-35.0586 -1.3039 Td
(testing)Tj
2.8402 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(recruitment,)Tj
5.1421 0 Td
(absence)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(history)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(allergy)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(sulfa)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(drugs)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(mefloquine,)Tj
4.9379 0 Td
(absence)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(his-)Tj
-35.8467 -1.2983 Td
(tory)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(renal,)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(hepatic,)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(psychiatric)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(neurological)Tj
5.1136 0 Td
(diseases)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.4333 0 Td
(age)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
0 Tc
1.5251 0 Td
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.01 Tc
0.9921 0 Td
(28)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(weeks.)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(The)Tj
-35.206 -1.2983 Td
(women)Tj
3.1691 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(screening)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(constituted)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3663 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.2769 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-34.9849 -1.2982 Td
(cordance)Tj
3.821 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.44 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.5194 0 Td
(assessments:)Tj
5.1136 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(menstrual)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(period,)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(symphysis-pubis)Tj
6.7748 0 Td
(fundal)Tj
-35.053 -1.3039 Td
(height)Tj
2.6928 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7122 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(New)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(Ballard)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(Score.)Tj
2.6136 0 Td
(Estimates)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.4334 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.525 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7518 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0409 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3663 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.3534 -1.2983 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(mother's)Tj
3.6963 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(antenatal)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(visit)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(\(LMP)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(SFH\))Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(birth)Tj
-33.3805 -1.2983 Td
(\(New)Tj
2.381 0 Td
(Ballard)Tj
3.0161 0 Td
(Score\).)Tj
-4.2009 -1.3039 Td
(Mother)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(IDs)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(infant)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(IDs)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.8878 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(matched)Tj
3.6339 0 Td
(accordingly)Tj
4.8246 0 Td
(considering)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(that)Tj
-35.9657 -1.2983 Td
(not)Tj
1.5533 0 Td
(every)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(participant)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(gave)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(birth.)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.8957 0 Td
(stillbirth)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(as)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(death)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(baby)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
0 Tc
2.0976 0 Td
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.01 Tc
0.9922 0 Td
(28)Tj
-34.8319 -1.2982 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(mother)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(becomes)Tj
3.6397 0 Td
(pregnant)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(spontaneous)Tj
5.1874 0 Td
(abortion)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(\(or)Tj
1.423 0 Td
(miscarriage\))Tj
5.125 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.6504 -1.3039 Td
(unexpected)Tj
4.7394 0 Td
(natural)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(death)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(fetus)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0828 0 Td
(embryo)Tj
3.2655 0 Td
(before)Tj
2.7043 0 Td
(28)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(gestation.)Tj
3.9855 0 Td
(Ectopic)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(gestation)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(is)Tj
-36.4589 -1.2983 Td
(defined)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(complication)Tj
5.4028 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.3539 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(fertilized)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(egg)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8334 0 Td
(implanted)Tj
4.2462 0 Td
(outside)Tj
3.0955 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9977 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(uterus)Tj
-34.52 -1.2983 Td
(potentially)Tj
4.3936 0 Td
(leading)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(life-threatening)Tj
6.3042 0 Td
(complications)Tj
5.7656 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(pregnancy.)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(stillbirths)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(were)Tj
-34.8092 -1.3039 Td
(included)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(analysis,)Tj
3.498 0 Td
(spontaneous)Tj
5.1873 0 Td
(abortions)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(ectopic)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(pregnancies)Tj
4.938 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(not.)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(Twins)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(were)Tj
-35.172 -1.2982 Td
(also)Tj
1.7404 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(dataset)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(impossibility)Tj
5.2837 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(know)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(advance)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4356 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(preg-)Tj
-34.8602 -1.2983 Td
(nancy)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(will)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1338 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(twin)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(gestation)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(ultrasound)Tj
4.507 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8391 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(used.)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(Since)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(New)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(Ballard)Tj
-34.7808 -1.2983 Td
(Score)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(would)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1396 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.5999 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3663 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(twin,)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(mothers')Tj
3.6964 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.5251 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
5.9583 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(observed)Tj
-33.1141 -1.3039 Td
(for)Tj
1.3662 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.007 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7575 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(born)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7122 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(LMP)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(SFH)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(twin)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(also)Tj
-35.909 -1.2983 Td
(used)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3606 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.44 0 Td
(second)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(twin.)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(Study)Tj
2.4662 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.8755 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7462 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.6837 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.5194 0 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(through-)Tj
-34.0608 -1.2982 Td
(out)Tj
1.5363 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7122 0 Td
(delivery)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(excluded)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1826 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(comparative)Tj
5.1023 0 Td
(analysis.)Tj
3.498 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(live)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1599 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(an)Tj
-35.7276 -1.3039 Td
(infant)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8334 0 Td
(possible)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(22)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(44)Tj
1.1565 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.5251 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7121 0 Td
(15)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.491 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(survival)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(was)Tj
-34.4123 -1.2983 Td
(therefore)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(inclusion)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(criterion)Tj
3.6397 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(analysis.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 268.2141 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Concordan)Tj
4.8047 0 Td
(ce)Tj
1.2614 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.4591 0 Td
(alternativ)Tj
3.9756 0 Td
(e)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(gestationa)Tj
4.5284 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4394 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.8496 0 Td
(assessmen)Tj
4.9819 0 Td
(ts)Tj
0.9922 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1898 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.9134 0 Td
(African)Tj
3.2811 0 Td
(countries)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01992)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(43)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(August)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(6,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.5758 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(13)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 71 0 R/Contents 72 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
69 0 obj
<>
endobj
73 0 obj
<>
endobj
76 0 obj
<>stream
MinionPro-It 9 `ab]+
W W Y ' - 3 > H N T Z ` j q t { +2=CIU[cnz~
"(.9CIOU[elov|&-8>DPV^iuy &+/49@DGLPU[]_ahjmru|
&-4;BIPW^elsz
")07>ELSZahov} %,3:AHOV]dkry#/;JTey ! ( / 6 = D K R Y ` g n u |
$
+
2
9
@
G
N
U
\
c
j
q
x
'.5<CJQX_fmt{ #*18?FMT[bkry
"
)
0
7
>
E
J
O
W
d
q
v
$+29@GNU\cjqx '.5<CJQX_fmt{ #*18?FMT[bipw~
&-4;BIPW^elsz !(/6=DOVcpuz-B\v$<Tdy*5@Tanz!2>O_fmt{ #*18?FMT[bipw~(4@LZk{ "3EU_px!-?IUas $6BN\m
-:EQ]n}
%.7@IR[dmv!*3<ENW`ir{&/8AJS\enw ! * 3 < E N W ` i r { !!
!""commaaccentAbreveAmacronAogonekAEacuteCacuteCcaronCcircumflexCdotaccentDcaronDcroatEbreveEcaronEdotaccentEmacronEngEogonekGbreveGcircumflexGcommaaccentGdotaccentHbarHcircumflexIbreveIJImacronIogonekItildeJcircumflexKcommaaccentLacuteLcaronLcommaaccentLdotNacuteNcaronNcommaaccentObreveOhungarumlautOmacronOslashacuteRacuteRcaronRcommaaccentSacuteScedillaScircumflexScommaaccentTbarTcaronTcommaaccentUbreveUhungarumlautUmacronUogonekUringUtildeWacuteWcircumflexWdieresisWgraveYcircumflexYgraveZacuteZdotaccentIdotaccentabreveamacronaogonekaeacutecacuteccaronccircumflexcdotaccentdcarondcroatebreveecaronedotaccentemacronengeogonekgbrevegcircumflexgcommaaccentgdotaccenthbarhcircumflexibreveijimacroniogonekitildejcircumflexkcommaaccentlacutelcaronlcommaaccentldotnacutencaronncommaaccentobreveohungarumlautomacronoslashacuteracutercaronrcommaaccentsacutescedillascircumflexscommaaccenttbartcarontcommaaccentubreveuhungarumlautumacronuogonekuringutildewacutewcircumflexwdieresiswgraveycircumflexygravezacutezdotaccentkgreenlandiclongsnapostrophetonosdieresistonosAlphaBetaGammaDeltaEpsilonZetaEtaThetaIotaKappaLambdaMuNuXiOmicronPiRhoSigmaTauUpsilonPhiChiPsiOmegaAlphatonosEpsilontonosEtatonosIotatonosIotadieresisOmicrontonosUpsilontonosUpsilondieresisOmegatonosuni1FBBuni1F09uni1F0Duni1F0Buni1F0Funi1FB8uni1FBAuni1FBCuni1F89uni1F8Duni1F8Buni1F8Funi1F88uni1F8Cuni1F8Auni1F8Euni1F08uni1F0Cuni1F0Auni1F0Euni1FB9uni1FC9uni1F19uni1F1Duni1F1Buni1FC8uni1F18uni1F1Cuni1F1Auni1FCBuni1F29uni1F2Duni1F2Buni1F2Funi1FCAuni1FCCuni1F99uni1F9Duni1F9Buni1F9Funi1F98uni1F9Cuni1F9Auni1F9Euni1F28uni1F2Cuni1F2Auni1F2Euni1FDBuni1F39uni1F3Duni1F3Buni1F3Funi1FD8uni1FDAuni1F38uni1F3Cuni1F3Auni1F3Euni1FD9uni1FFBuni1F69uni1F6Duni1F6Buni1F6Funi1FFAuni1FFCuni1FA9uni1FADuni1FABuni1FAFuni1FA8uni1FACuni1FAAuni1FAEuni1F68uni1F6Cuni1F6Auni1F6Euni1FF9uni1F49uni1F4Duni1F4Buni1FF8uni1F48uni1F4Cuni1F4Auni1FECuni1FEBuni1F59uni1F5Duni1F5Buni1F5Funi1FE8uni1FEAuni1FE9alphabetagammadeltaepsilonzetaetathetaiotakappalambdanuxiomicronpirhosigmatauupsilonphichipsiomegaalphatonosepsilontonosetatonosiotatonosiotadieresisomicrontonosupsilontonosupsilondieresisomegatonosiotadieresistonosupsilondieresistonosuni03C2uni0374uni0375uni037Euni03D0uni03DAuni03DEuni03E0uni03F0uni1FBDuni1FBEuni1FC1uni1FCDuni1FCEuni1FCFuni1FDDuni1FDEuni1FDFuni1FEDuni1FEEuni1FFEuni1F00uni1F01uni1F02uni1F03uni1F04uni1F05uni1F06uni1F07uni1F10uni1F11uni1F12uni1F13uni1F14uni1F15uni1F20uni1F21uni1F22uni1F23uni1F24uni1F25uni1F26uni1F27uni1F30uni1F31uni1F32uni1F33uni1F34uni1F35uni1F36uni1F37uni1F40uni1F41uni1F42uni1F43uni1F44uni1F45uni1F50uni1F51uni1F52uni1F53uni1F54uni1F55uni1F56uni1F57uni1F60uni1F61uni1F62uni1F63uni1F64uni1F65uni1F66uni1F67uni1F70uni1F71uni1F72uni1F73uni1F74uni1F75uni1F76uni1F77uni1F78uni1F79uni1F7Auni1F7Buni1F7Cuni1F7Duni1F80uni1F81uni1F82uni1F83uni1F84uni1F85uni1F86uni1F87uni1F90uni1F91uni1F92uni1F93uni1F94uni1F95uni1F96uni1F97uni1FA0uni1FA1uni1FA2uni1FA3uni1FA4uni1FA5uni1FA6uni1FA7uni1FB0uni1FB1uni1FB2uni1FB3uni1FB6uni1FB7uni1FC2uni1FC3uni1FC4uni1FC6uni1FC7uni1FD0uni1FD1uni1FD2uni1FD3uni1FD6uni1FD7uni1FE0uni1FE1uni1FE2uni1FE3uni1FE4uni1FE5uni1FE6uni1FF2uni1FF3uni1FF4uni1FF6uni1FF7uni1FB4uni1FE7uniEFD5anoteleiauni03D1uni03D5uni03D6franclirapesetaEuroafii61289estimatedpartialdiffproductsummationuni2219radicalinfinityintegralapproxequalnotequallessequalgreaterequallozengeuni02C9uniEFEDuniEFEEuniEFF1uniEFF2uniEFF3uniEFF5uniEFF7AcuteCaronDieresisDieresisAcuteDieresisGraveGraveHungarumlautMacroncyrBrevecyrFlexdblGravecyrbrevecyrflexdblgravedieresisacutedieresisgraveuniF635uniF637uniF638uniF639uniF6DCuniF63AuniF63BuniF63CuniF63DuniF63EuniF63FuniF640uniF641uniF642uniF628uniF643uniF644uniF645uniF646uniF647uniF648uniF649uniF64AuniF64BuniF64CuniF64DuniF64EuniF64FuniF650uniF651uniF652uniF653uniF654uniF655uniF656uniF657uniF658uniF659uniF65AuniF65BuniF65CuniF65DuniF65EuniF65FuniF660uniF629uniF62AuniF62BuniF62CuniF62DuniF661uniF662uniF663uniF664uniF665uniF666uniF667uniF668uniF669uniF66AuniF66BuniF66CuniF62EuniF62FuniF630uniF631uniF632uniF66DuniF66EuniF66FuniF670uniF671uniF672uniF673uniF674uniF675uniF676uniF677uniF678uniF679uniF67AuniF67BuniF67CuniF67DuniF67EuniF67FuniF680uniF681uniF682uniF683uniF684uniF685uniF686uniF687uniF688uniF689uniF68AuniF68BuniF68CuniF68DuniF68EuniF68FuniF690uniF691uniF692uniF693uniF694uniF695uniF696uniF697uniF698uniF699uniF69AuniF69BuniF69CuniF69DuniF69EuniF69FuniF6A0uniF6A1uniF6A2uniF6A3uniF6A4uniF6A5uniF6A6uniF6A7uniF6A8uniF6A9uniF6AAuniF6ABuniF6ACuniF6ADuniF6AEuniF6AFuniF6B0uniF6B1uniF6B2uniF6B3uniF6B4uniF6B5uniF6B6uniF6B7uniF6B8uniF6B9uniF6BAuniF6BBuniF6BCuniF6BDuniF633c_hc_kc_tf_bf_f_bf_f_hf_f_kf_f_tf_hf_jf_f_jf_kf_ts_puniFB06T_hlongs_blongs_hlongs_ilongs_klongs_llongs_longsuniFB05longs_longs_ilongs_longs_la.ende.endm.endn.endr.endK.altR.altk.altcaron.altcommaaccent.altpeseta.altAlphaiotasub.altAlphaiotasubasper.altAlphaiotasubasperacute.altAlphaiotasubaspergrave.altAlphaiotasubaspertilde.altAlphaiotasublenis.altAlphaiotasublenisacute.altAlphaiotasublenisgrave.altAlphaiotasublenistilde.altEtaiotasub.altEtaiotasubasper.altEtaiotasubasperacute.altEtaiotasubaspergrave.altEtaiotasubaspertilde.altEtaiotasublenis.altEtaiotasublenisacute.altEtaiotasublenisgrave.altEtaiotasublenistilde.altOmegaiotasub.altOmegaiotasubasper.altOmegaiotasubasperacute.altOmegaiotasubaspergrave.altOmegaiotasubaspertilde.altOmegaiotasublenis.altOmegaiotasublenisacute.altOmegaiotasublenisgrave.altOmegaiotasublenistilde.altEuro.fittedcent.fittedcolonmonetary.fitteddollar.fittedflorin.fittedfranc.fittedlira.fittednumbersign.fittedsterling.fittedyen.fittedEuro.oldstylecolonmonetary.oldstyleestimated.oldstyleflorin.oldstylefranc.oldstylelira.oldstylenumbersign.oldstylesterling.oldstyleyen.oldstylefranc.taboldstylelira.taboldstyleorn.001orn.002orn.003orn.004orn.005orn.006orn.007orn.008orn.009orn.010orn.011orn.012orn.013orn.014orn.015orn.016orn.017orn.018orn.019orn.020orn.021orn.022orn.023A.swashB.swashC.swashD.swashE.swashF.swashG.swashH.swashI.swashJ.swashK.swashL.swashM.swashN.swashO.swashP.swashQ.swashR.swashS.swashT.swashU.swashV.swashW.swashX.swashY.swashZ.swashT_h.swashAacute.swashAbreve.swashAcircumflex.swashAdieresis.swashAgrave.swashAmacron.swashAogonek.swashAring.swashAtilde.swashCacute.swashCcaron.swashCcedilla.swashCcircumflex.swashCdotaccent.swashDcaron.swashDcroat.swashEacute.swashEbreve.swashEcaron.swashEcircumflex.swashEdieresis.swashEdotaccent.swashEgrave.swashEmacron.swashEng.swashEogonek.swashGbreve.swashGcircumflex.swashGcommaaccent.swashGdotaccent.swashHbar.swashHcircumflex.swashIJ.swashIacute.swashIbreve.swashIcircumflex.swashIdieresis.swashIdotaccent.swashIgrave.swashImacron.swashIogonek.swashItilde.swashJcircumflex.swashKcommaaccent.swashLacute.swashLcaron.swashLcommaaccent.swashLdot.swashNacute.swashNcaron.swashNcommaaccent.swashNtilde.swashOacute.swashObreve.swashOcircumflex.swashOdieresis.swashOgrave.swashOhungarumlaut.swashOmacron.swashOslash.swashOslashacute.swashOtilde.swashRacute.swashRcaron.swashRcommaaccent.swashSacute.swashScaron.swashScedilla.swashScircumflex.swashScommaaccent.swashTbar.swashTcaron.swashTcommaaccent.swashT_h.caronswashT_h.commaaccentswashUacute.swashUbreve.swashUcircumflex.swashUdieresis.swashUgrave.swashUhungarumlaut.swashUmacron.swashUogonek.swashUring.swashUtilde.swashWacute.swashWcircumflex.swashWdieresis.swashWgrave.swashYacute.swashYcircumflex.swashYdieresis.swashYgrave.swashZacute.swashZcaron.swashZdotaccent.swashafii10056T_h.caronT_h.commaaccentafii10048afii10074afii10075afii10082afii10192afii10062afii10194afii10193afii10102afii10071afii10041afii10076afii10085afii10103afii10051afii10039afii10037afii10079afii10061afii10059afii10047afii10067afii10049afii10148afii10033afii10094afii10080afii10022afii10145afii10063afii10027afii10070afii10054afii10109afii10036afii10065afii10055afii10068afii10086afii10064afii10096afii10050afii10146afii10077afii10097afii10069afii10107afii10101afii10043afii10078afii10024afii10073afii10089afii10092afii10147afii10087afii10081afii10029afii10083afii10026afii10019afii10032afii10046afii10072afii10021afii10030afii10098afii10038afii10017afii10040afii10042afii10105afii10052afii10057afii10025afii10034afii10053afii10832afii10058afii10018afii10044afii10110afii10020afii10095Rholenisafii10104afii10106afii10090afii10091afii10060afii10028afii10045afii10099afii10066afii10084afii10031afii10196afii10035afii10088afii10093Eth.swashafii10100uni0394afii10023afii10195uni2215uni021Aafii10108uni03BCuni00ADuni00A0uni03A9uni021Bafii10846afii61352afii10831Copyright 2000 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. U.S. Patents Des. 338,907 and 371,799.Minion is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.Minion Pro ItalicMinion Proq N s ^mTw6zgjTRC @ q
C
d
m
r$7
,
Q
c
!*D )d Gcw~!;FJ3%3@FP8ir3y1S_ju(/6:n . 9 C v !!/!5!`!h!!!!!"""@"g"t"|""""###W#\#h#n#v######$$ $&$,$3$:$K$U$r$$$$$$$$$% %%%5%D%]%h%o%v%%%%%%%%%%%& &&,&9&C&J&P&U&j&&&&&&&&&&&''''#'(':'L'Q'\'a'g'x'''''''''(((%(/(7(>(E(L([(j(w(~((((((((((((((())))!).)9)D)K)R)Y)`)f)k)o)t))))))))))))))**
****%*0*;*F*Q*\*g*r*}*****-
oFl\8Mgk^?ŜeQ[a`FpUI߹|{{|VsrocghpzvL##4/Jcݹ+!MWagpu
|;;.|;9hꖧovgtfstqon@Sm|}ĬD⋄DQnJs8*Tlb~wg8`F(;@§ŰY9kde:S!VtVl-ܲq
m
ބ}A98}@=
^98ԏڒ,`fhMhx{r/S#Qݟ9ʞJ+^VT\]xZ]Rmh
dn$d_JoDO(q
zm
ӇbjVy-}EVeF4)AKڑף
ڄ|>[tA_d}ʟɩ藿ΎwC{LZnXH;slz`Z?; :\o"T÷ķT`ź_j{xR{YvPwUBy
|s^`_ZNu[XUoaN{;iV`VsjaK]<_IZF"v,
b|bw`tgigxumjbisˎA{lW_ïknruxutnivry?y>x? rxǼiwi4wxηŻ6xyppvTyJyQ,|;7
^1؟svmdؓd
upՆ]oXy.]#m
vu|YWx.^h~_tWpy^Fy_pp͆SVQL
owÐˑ_Dm
{qtg`O_Rxo|TpgC]cwxz8REpzD掚˴k[uqlchkmXfjevrkpocjfq~z~|zhfsPfnwr
Wym{qhlb\2\)FWy:y1er}yo;ڕԑZhĚڰW-Änj~sypkWkuo_8lewߢۂ|ogYQZktY00=ZH<4 Eu{tzy{|wB/`J
aoAh{1~Ug^YoG=E)?XEݻd9N9&)^:<>