OBJECTIVE: To understand the factors influencing choice of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV with a view of suggesting measures for increased uptake. DESIGN: Focus group discussions were used to elicit reasons for carrying out VCT and a cross sectional survey to estimate the proportion of people who undertake VCT. SETTING: Bushenyi district, Uganda. PARTICIPANTS: A cluster random sample of 219 people and four purposively selected focus group discussions with 32 participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Elicited attitudinal beliefs, self-efficacy expectations, and social influences that are probably associated with VCT for HIV based on the Attitude Social influence self-Efficacy (ASE) Model. The proportion of people who had ever undertaken VCT for HIV was also determined. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (17%) of the 219 people interviewed had ever undergone HIV. The factors influencing VCT for HIV were consequences of a test result, influences from a sexual partner, cost of VCT, physical accessibility of VCT, awareness, risk of HIV infection, need for linking VCT with care (especially availability of anti-retrovirals) and perceived quality of care of VCT services. CONCLUSIONS: Increased mobilisation and access for VCT, reducing costs of VCT, linking of VCT with care, and emphasising the positive consequences of VCT as well as providing high quality VCT services may increase the number of people seeking VCT.