Jarvis, Joseph N; Casazza, Joseph P; Stone, Hunter H; Meintjes, Graeme; Lawn, Stephen D; Levitz, Stuart M; Harrison, Thomas S; Koup, Richard A; (2013) The phenotype of the Cryptococcus-specific CD4+ memory T-cell response is associated with disease severity and outcome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. The Journal of infectious diseases, 207 (12). pp. 1817-1828. ISSN 0022-1899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit099
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Correlates of immune protection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis are poorly defined. A clearer understanding of these immune responses is essential to inform rational development of immunotherapies. METHODS: Cryptococcal-specific peripheral CD4(+) T-cell responses were measured in 44 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis at baseline and during follow-up. Responses were assessed following ex vivo cryptococcal mannoprotein stimulation, using 13-color flow-cytometry. The relationships between cryptococcal-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses, clinical parameters at presentation, and outcome were investigated. RESULTS: Cryptococcal-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses were characterized by the production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Conversely, minimal interleukin 4 and interleukin 17 production was detected. Patients surviving to 2 weeks had significantly different functional CD4(+) T-cell responses as compared to those who died. Patients with a response predominantly consisting of IFN-γ or TNF-α production had a 2-week mortality of 0% (0/20), compared with 25% (6/24) in those without this response (P = .025). Such patients also had lower fungal burdens (10 400 vs 390 000 colony-forming units/mL; P < .001), higher cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte counts (122 vs 8 cells/μL; P < .001), and a trend toward faster rates of clearance of infection. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype of the peripheral CD4(+) T-cell response to Cryptococcus was associated with disease severity and outcome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. IFN-γ/TNF-α-predominant responses were associated with survival.
Item Type | Article |
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Faculty and Department | Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases > Dept of Clinical Research |
PubMed ID | 23493728 |
ISI | 319472200007 |
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