There is an urgent need for cost-effective strategies for the sustainable control of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Rhodesian) sleeping sickness, which is a fatal zoonotic disease that has caused devastating epidemics during the past century. Sleeping sickness continues to be controlled by crisis management, using active case detection, treatment and vector control - activities that occur only during major epidemics; during the intervening periods, farmers and communities must fend for themselves. There are several methods for assessing the burden of this disease and there is a series of farmer-led methodologies that can be applied to reduce the burden of human and animal trypanosomiases.