OBJECTIVE: To know those predictive factors of hyperglycemia that could guide  us the design of a parenteral nutrition and it could avoid later complications associated with it. Methods: A prospective observational study was designed; adult hospitalized patients who received total parenteral nutrition at least 48 hours were included. Nutritional and pharmacotherapeutic follow-up were  performed according to usual practice. Variables collected included demographic, clinical, analytical and nutrition and pharmacotherapy. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included, with 28 patients (48.3%) with glucose restriction. This intervention was statistically associated with  elevated glycemia prior to parenteral nutrition (OR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.11-1.73, p  = 0.004) and BMI (OR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.58, p = 0.014), with more frequent  intervention was in patients with BMI > 25 (overweight and  obese) (OR: 10.00; 95% CI 1.15-86.95, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-parenteral glycemic values, diabetes and BMI values > 25 are  predictors of hyperglycemia, so a early intervention to prevent and correct  hyperglycemia may improve clinical outcomes in patients with parenteral  nutrition.