This chapter: ■ Describes clinical assessment, including emergency triage for rapid identification and treatment of patients at greatest risk of dying ■ discusses confirmatory parasitic diagnosis of malaria using microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) ■ describes malaria treatment, including determining treatment choice and management of uncomplicated malaria, treatment failures, and severe malaria with associated complications ■ Discusses special groups (e.g. pregnant women, malnourished patients, displaced persons/returnees)